Polynucleotides encoding a novel interleukin receptor termed interleukin-17 receptor-like protein

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a novel IL17RLP protein which is a member of the interleukin (IL)-17 receptor family. In particular, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding the human IL17RLP protein. IL17RLP polypeptides are also provided as are vectors, host cells and recombinant methods for producing the same. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying agonists and antagonists of IL17RLP activity. Also provided are diagnostic methods for detecting immune system-related disorders and therapeutic methods for treating immune system-related disorders.

This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of the filing date of copending U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/059,133, filed on Sep. 17, 1997, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel human gene encoding a polypeptide which is a member of the interleukin (IL)-17 receptor family. More specifically, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding a human polypeptide named Interleukin 17-Receptor-Like Protein, hereinafter referred to as IL17RLP. IL17RLP polypeptides are also provided, as are vectors, host cells and recombinant methods for producing the same. Also provided are diagnostic methods for detecting disorders related to the immune system and therapeutic methods for treating such disorders. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying agonists and antagonists of IL17RLP activity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cytokines typically exert their respective biochemical and physiological effects by binding to specific receptor molecules. Receptor binding will then stimulate specific signal transduction pathways (Kishimoto, T., et al., Cell 76:253-262 (1994). The specific interactions of cytokines with their receptors are often the primary regulators of a wide variety of cellular process including activation, proliferation, and differentiation (Arai, K.-I, et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 59:783-836 (1990); Paul, W. and Seder, R., Cell 76:241-251 (1994)).

Human interleukin (IL)-17 was only recently identified. IL-17 is a 155 amino acid polypeptide which was molecularly cloned from a CD4+ T-cell cDNA library (Yao, Z., et al., J. Immunol. 155:5483-5486 (1995)). The IL-17 polypeptide contains an N-terminal signal peptide and contains approximately 72% identity at the amino acid level with a T-cell trophic herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) gene designated HVS13. High levels of IL-17 are secreted from CD4-positive primary peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) upon stimulation (Yao, Z., et al., Immunity 3:811-821 (1995)). Treatment of fibroblasts with IL-17, HVS 13, or another murine homologue, designated CTLA8, activate signal transduction pathways and result in the stimulation of the NF-κB transcription factor family, the secretion of IL-6, and the costimulation of T-cell proliferation (Yao, Z., et al., Immunity 3:811-821 (1995)).

An HVS13-Fc fusion protein was used to isolate a murine IL-17 receptor molecule which does not appear to belong to any of the previously described cytokine receptor families (Yao, Z., et al., Immunity 3:811-821 (1995)). The murine IL-17 receptor (mIL-17R) is predicted to encode a type I transmembrane protein of 864 amino acids with an apparent molecular mass of 97.8 kDa. mIL-17R is predicted to possess an N-terminal signal peptide with a cleavage site between alanine-31 and serine-32. The molecule also contains a 291 amino acid extracellular domain, a 21 amino acid transmembrane domain, and a 521 amino acid cytoplasmic tail. A soluble recombinant IL- 17R molecule consisting of 323 amino acids of the extracellular domain of IL-17R fused to the Fc portion of human IgGl was able to significantly inhibit IL-17-induced IL-6 production by murine NIH-3T3 cells (supra).

Interestingly, the expression of the IL-17 gene is highly restricted. It is typically observed primarily in activated T-lymphocyte memory cells (Broxmeyer, H. J. Exp. Med. 183:2411-2415 (1996); Fossiez, F., et al., J. Exp. Med. 183:2593-2603 (1996)). Conversely, the IL-17 receptor appears to be expressed in a large number of cells and tissues including (Rouvier, E., et al., J. Immunol. 150:5445-5456 (1993); Yao, Z., et al., J. Immunol. 155:5483-5486 (1995)). It remains to be seen, however, if IL-17 itself can play an autocrine role in the expression of IL-17. IL-17 has been implicated as a causitive agent in the expression of IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, Prostaglandin E (PGE₂), and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (Fossiez, F., supra; Yao, Z., et al., Immunity 3:811-821 (1995)). Each of these molecules possesses highly relevent and potentially therapeutically valuable properties. For instance, IL-6 is involved in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell growth and expansion (Ikebuchi, K., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:9035-9039 (1987); Gentile, P. and Broxmeyer, H. E. Ann. N.Y Acad. Sci. USA 628:74-83 (1991)). IL-8 exhibits a myelosuppressive activity for stem and immature subsets of myeloid progenitors (Broxmeyer, H. E., et al., Ann. Hematol. 71:235-246 (1995); Daly, T. J., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270:23282-23292 (1995)). G-CSF acts early and late to activate and stimulate hematopoiesis in general (more specifically, neutrophil hematopoiesis) while PGE₂ enhances erythropoiesis, suppresses lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis in general, and strongly suppresses monocytopoiesis (Broxmeyer, H. E. Amer. J Ped. Hematol./Oncol. 14:22-30 (1992); Broxmeyer, H. E. and Williams, D. E. CRC Crit. Rev. Oncol./Hematol. 8:173-226 (1988)).

IL-17 receptor appears to be structurally unrelated to any previously described cytokine receptor family. Despite the existence of 12 cysteine residues in the extracellular domain, their relative positions are not characteristic of receptor molecules classified as members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (Williams, A. and Barclay, A. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 6:381-405 (1988)), the TNFR family (Smith, C., et al., Science 248:1019-1023 (1990)), the hematopoietin receptor family (Cosman, D. Cytokine 5:95-106 (1993)), or any previously described tyrosine kinase receptors (Hanks, S., et al., Science 241:42-52 (1988)).

Thus, there is a need for polypeptides that function as receptor molecules for cytokines and, thereby, function in the transfer of an extracellular signal ultimately to the nucleus of the cell, since disturbances of such regulation may be involved in disorders relating to cellular activation, hemostasis, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, cellular migration and ovulation, as well as neurogenesis. Therefore, there is a need for identification and characterization of such human polypeptides which can play a role in detecting, preventing, ameliorating or correcting such disorders.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising a polynucleotide encoding at least a portion of the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone deposited as plasmid DNA as ATCC Deposit Number 209198 on Aug. 8, 1997. The nucleotide sequence determined by sequencing the deposited IL17RLP clone, which is shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1), contains an open reading frame encoding a complete polypeptide of 426 amino acid residues, including an initiation codon encoding an N-terminal methionine at nucleotide positions 10-12, and a predicted molecular weight of about 47.1 kDa. Nucleic acid molecules of the invention include those encoding the complete amino acid sequence excepting the N-terminal methionine shown in SEQ ID NO:2, or the complete amino acid sequence excepting the N-terminal methionine encoded by the cDNA clone in ATCC Deposit Number 209198, which molecules also can encode additional amino acids fused to the N-terminus of the IL17RLP amino acid sequence.

The encoded polypeptide has a predicted leader sequence of 19 amino acids underlined in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C; and the amino acid sequence of the predicted mature IL17RLP protein is also shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C as amino acid residues 20-426, and as residues 1-407 in SEQ ID NO:2.

Thus, one aspect of the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL 17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions −19 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 excepting the N-terminal methionine (i.e., positions −18 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (c) a nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence at positions 1 to 407 in SEQ ID NO:2; (d) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising the predicted extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence at positions 1 to 271 in SEQ ID NO:2; (e) a nucleotide sequence encoding a soluble IL17RLP polypeptide having the predicted extracellular and intracellular domains, but lacking the predicted transmembrane domain; (f) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (g) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence excepting the N-terminal methionine encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (h) a nucleotide sequence encoding the mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (i) a nucleotide sequence encoding the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; and (j) a nucleotide sequence complementary to any of the nucleotide sequences in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i) above.

Further embodiments of the invention include isolated nucleic acid molecules that comprise a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least 90% identical, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical, to any of the nucleotide sequences in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i), above, or a polynucleotide which hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a polynucleotide in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i), above. This polynucleotide which hybridizes does not hybridize under stringent hybridization conditions to a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence consisting of only A residues or of only T residues. An additional nucleic acid embodiment of the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h), above.

An additional nucleic acid embodiment of the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) or (g), above. A further embodiment of the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence which contains at least one amino acid substitution, but not more than 50 amino acid substitutions, even more preferably, not more than 40 amino acid substitutions, still more preferably, not more than 30 amino acid substitutions, and still even more preferably, not more than 20 amino acid substitutions. Of course, in order of ever-increasing preference, it is highly preferable for a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of a IL17RLP polypeptide to have an amino acid sequence which contains not more than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid substitutions. Conservative substitutions are preferable.

The present invention also relates to recombinant vectors, which include the isolated nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, and to host cells containing the recombinant vectors, as well as to methods of making such vectors and host cells and for using them for production of IL17RLP polypeptides or peptides by recombinant techniques.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing such polypeptide by recombinant techniques comprising culturing recombinant prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells, containing an IL17RLP nucleic acid sequence, under conditions promoting expression of said protein and subsequent recovery of said protein.

The invention further provides an isolated IL17RLP polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) the amino acid sequence of the full-length IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions −19 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (b) the amino acid sequence of the full-length IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 excepting the N-terminal methionine (i.e., positions −18 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (c) the amino acid sequence of the mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (d) the amino acid sequence of the predicted extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 271 of SEQ ID NO:2); (e) the amino acid sequence of a soluble IL17RLP polypeptide having the predicted extracellular and intracellular domains, but lacking the predicted transmembrane domain; (f) the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (g) the complete amino acid sequence excepting the N-terminal methionine encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (h) the complete amino acid sequence of the mature IL17RLP encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198, and; (i) the complete amino acid sequence of the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198. The polypeptides of the present invention also include polypeptides having an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical, more preferably at least 90% identical, and still more preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to those described in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i) above, as well as polypeptides having an amino acid sequence with at least 90% similarity, and more preferably at least 95% similarity, to those above.

An additional embodiment of this aspect of the invention relates to a peptide or polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence described in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i), above. Peptides or polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of an IL17RLP polypeptide of the invention include portions of such polypeptides with at least six or seven, preferably at least nine, and more preferably at least about 30 amino acids to about 50 amino acids, although epitope-bearing polypeptides of any length up to and including the entire amino acid sequence of a polypeptide of the invention described above also are included in the invention.

A further embodiment of the invention relates to a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of an IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence which contains at least one amino acid substitution, but not more than 50 amino acid substitutions, even more preferably, not more than 40 amino acid substitutions, still more preferably, not more than 30 amino acid substitutions, and still even more preferably, not more than 20 amino acid substitutions. Of course, in order of ever-increasing preference, it is highly preferable for a peptide or polypeptide to have an amino acid sequence which comprises the amino acid sequence of an IL17RLP polypeptide, which contains at least one, but not more than 20, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 amino acid substitutions. In specific embodiments, the number of additions, substitutions, and/or deletions in the amino acid sequence of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C, or fragments thereof (e.g., the mature form and/or other fragments described herein), is 1-5, 5-10, 5-25, 5-50, 10-50, 50-150, 50-200 or 100-250, conservative amino acid substitutions are preferable.

In another embodiment, the invention provides an isolated antibody that binds specifically to a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence described in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i) above. The invention further provides methods for isolating antibodies that bind specifically to a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence as described herein. Such antibodies are useful diagnostically or therapeutically as described below.

The invention also provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising IL17RLP polypeptides, particularly human IL17RLP polypeptides, which may be employed, for instance, to treat disorders relating to cellular activation, hemostasis, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, cellular migration and ovulation, as well as neurogenesis. Methods of treating individuals in need of IL17RLP polypeptides are also provided.

The invention further provides compositions comprising an IL17RLP polynucleotide or an IL17RLP polypeptide for administration to cells in vitro, to cells ex vivo and to cells in vivo, or to a multicellular organism. In certain particularly preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the compositions comprise an IL17RLP polynucleotide for expression of an IL17RLP polypeptide in a host organism for treatment of disease. Particularly preferred in this regard is expression in a human patient for treatment of a dysfunction associated with aberrant endogenous activity of an IL17RLP polypeptide.

The present invention also provides a screening method for identifying compounds capable of enhancing or inhibiting a biological activity of the IL17RLP polypeptide, which involves contacting a ligand which is inhibited by the IL17RLP polypeptide with the candidate compound in the presence of an IL17RLP polypeptide, assaying receptor-binding activity of the ligand in the presence of the candidate compound and of IL17RLP polypeptide, and comparing the ligand activity to a standard level of activity, the standard being assayed when contact is made between the ligand itself in the presence of the IL17RLP polypeptide and the absence of the candidate compound In this assay, an increase in ligand activity over the standard indicates that the candidate compound is an agonist of IL17RLP activity and a decrease in ligand activity compared to the standard indicates that the compound is an antagonist of IL17RLP activity.

In another aspect, a screening assay for agonists and antagonists is provided which involves determining the effect a candidate compound has on IL17RLP binding to a ligand. In particular, the method involves contacting the ligand with an IL17RLP polypeptide and a candidate compound and determining whether IL17RLP polypeptide binding to the ligand is increased or decreased due to the presence of the candidate compound. In this assay, an increase in binding of IL17RLP over the standard binding indicates that the candidate compound is an agonist of IL17RLP binding activity and a decrease in IL17RLP binding compared to the standard indicates that the compound is an antagonist of IL17RLP binding activity.

It has been discovered that IL17RLP is expressed not only in adult pulmonary tissue, but also in Crohn's Disease tissue, kidney pyramid, cortex, and medulla tissues, hippocampus, frontal cortex of the brain from a patient with epilepsy, adrenal gland tumor, striatum depression, osteclastoma, endometrial tumor, and hypothalamus from a patient with Schizophrenia. Therefore, nucleic acids of the invention are useful as hybridization probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to those polypeptides are useful to provide immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s). In addition, for a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune system, significantly higher or lower levels of IL17RLP gene expression may be detected in certain tissues (e.g., cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to a “standard” IL17RLP gene expression level, i.e., the IL17RLP expression level in healthy tissue from an individual not having the immune system disorder. Thus, the invention provides a diagnostic method useful during diagnosis of such a disorder, which involves: (a) assaying IL17RLP gene expression level in cells or body fluid of an individual; (b) comparing the IL17RLP gene expression level with a standard IL17RLP gene expression level, whereby an increase or decrease in the assayed IL17RLP gene expression level compared to the standard expression level is indicative of disorder in the immune system.

An additional aspect of the invention is related to a method for treating an individual in need of an increased level of IL17RLP activity in the body comprising administering to such an individual a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an isolated IL17RLP polypeptide of the invention or an agonist thereof.

A still further aspect of the invention is related to a method for treating an individual in need of a decreased level of IL17RLP activity in the body comprising, administering to such an individual a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an IL17RLP antagonist. Preferred antagonists for use in the present invention are IL17RLP-specific antibodies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C show the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) of IL17RLP.

The predicted leader sequence of about 19 amino acids is underlined. Note that the methionine residue at the beginning of the leader sequence in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C is shown in position number (positive) 1, whereas the leader positions in the corresponding sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 are designated with negative position numbers. Thus, the leader sequence positions 1 to 19 in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C correspond to positions −19 to −1 in SEQ ID NO:2.

Six potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites are marked in the amino acid sequence of IL17RLP. The sites are marked with the bold pound symbol (#) above the nucleotide sequence coupled with a bolded one letter abbreviation for the asparagine (N) in the amino acid sequence in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C; that is, the actual asparagine residues which are potentially glycosylated is bolded in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C. The potential N-linked glycosylation sequences are found at the following locations in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence: N-67 through W-70 (N-67, V-68, S-69, W-70); N-103 through E-106 (N-103, Y-104, T-105, E-106; N-156 through S-159 (N-156, F-157, T-158, S-159); N-183 through A-186 (N-183, 1-184, T-185, A-186); N-197 through T-200 (N-197, F-198, T-199, T-200); and N-283 through K-286 (N-283, K-284, S-285, K-286). Two potential cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites are also marked in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C with a bolded lysine symbol (K) in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence and an asterisk (*) above the first nucleotide encoding that lysine residue in the IL17RLP nucleotide sequence. The potential cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sequences are found in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence at the following locations: K-141 through threonine-231 (K-228, K-229, Q-230, T-231) and K-319 through S-322 (K-319, K-320, T-321, S-322). Three potential Protein Kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites are also marked in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C with a bolded serine or tyrosine symbol (S or T) in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence and an asterisk (*) above the first nucleotide encoding that serine tyrosine residue in the IL17RLP nucleotide sequence. The potential PKC phosphorylation sequences are found in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence at the following locations: S-77 through R-79 (S-77, I-78, R-79); T-89 through K-91 (T-89, G-90, K-91); and T-384 through K-386 (T-384, Q-385, K-386). Three potential Casein Kinase II (CK2) phosphorylation sites are also marked in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C with a bolded serine symbol (S) in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence and an asterisk (*) above the first nucleotide encoding the appropriate serine residue in the IL17RLP nucleotide sequence. The potential CK2 phosphorylation sequences are found at the following locations in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence: S-178 through D-181 (S-178, L-179, W-180, D-181); S-402 through D-405 (S-402, V-403, C-404, D-405); and S-414 through E-417 (S-414, P-415, S-416, E-417). A single potential myristylation site is found in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C. The potential myristylation site is marked in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C with a double underline delineating the amino acid residues representing the potential myristolation site in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence. The potential myristolation site is located at the following postion in the IL17RLP amino acid sequence: G-116 through F-121 (G-116, G-117, K-118, W-119, T-120, F-121).

Mutations in one or more of the amino acid residues in the above-recited potential structural features of the IL17RLP polypeptide are contemplated as mutations which may affect biological, structural, binding or other characteristics of an IL17RLP DNA or polypeptide of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows the regions of identity between the amino acid sequences of the IL17RLP protein and translation product of the murine mRNA for IL-17 receptor (SEQ ID NO:3), determined by the computer program Bestfit (Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package, Version 8 for Unix, Genetics Computer Group, University Research Park, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis. 53711) using the default parameters.

FIG. 3 shows an analysis of the IL17RLP amino acid sequence. Alpha, beta, turn and coil regions; hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity; amphipathic regions; flexible regions; antigenic index and surface probability are shown. In the “Antigenic Index or Jameson-Wolf” graph, the positive peaks indicate locations of the highly antigenic regions of the IL17RLP protein, i.e., regions from which epitope-bearing peptides of the invention can be obtained.

In the “Antigenic Index or Jameson-Wolf” graph, the positive peaks indicate locations of the highly antigenic regions of the IL17RLP protein, i.e., regions from which epitope-bearing peptides of the invention can be obtained. Non-limiting examples of antigenic polypeptides or peptides that can be used to generate IL17RLP-specific antibodies include: a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Ser-14 to about Val-22 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Cys-24 to about Pro-32 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Ile-41 to about Arg-49 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Thr-89 to about Val-97 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Thr-110 to about Lys-118 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Ala-144 to about Ser-152 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Thr-240 to about Val-248 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Gly-258 to about Thr-267 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Leu-280 to about Gly-288 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Cys-404 to about Glu-412 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Pro-415 to about Ser-423 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Gly-409 to about Glu-417 in SEQ ID NO:2, and a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Cys-404 to about Leu-426 in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (which is identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 with exception to the numbering schemes as detailed above).

The data presented in FIG. 3 are also represented in tabular form in Table I. The data presented in Table I is identical to that originally presented in FIG. 3. The columns are labeled with the headings “Res”, “Position”, and Roman Numerals I-XIV. The column headings refer to the following features of the amino acid sequence presented in FIG. 3 and Table I: “Res”: amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO:2 or FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (which is the identical sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, with the exception that the residues are numbered 1-426 in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C and −19 through 407 in SEQ ID NO:2); “Position”: position of the corresponding residue within SEQ ID NO:2 or FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (which is the identical sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, with the exception that the residues are numbered 1-426 in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C and −19 through 406 in SEQ ID NO:2); 1: Alpha, Regions—Garnier-Robson; 11: Alpha, Regions—Chou-Fasman; III: Beta, Regions—Garnier-Robson; IV: Beta, Regions—Chou-Fasman; V: Turn, Regions—Gamier-Robson; VI: Turn, Regions—Chou-Fasman; VII: Coil, Regions—Garnier-Robson; VIII: Hydrophilicity Plot—Kyte-Doolittle; IX: Hydrophobicity Plot—Hopp-Woods; X: Alpha, Amphipathic Regions—Eisenberg; XI: Beta, Amphipathic Regions—Eisenberg; XII: Flexible Regions—Karplus-Schulz; XIII: Antigenic Index—Jameson-Wolf; and XIV: Surface Probability Plot-Emini.

Detailed Description

The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising a polynucleotide encoding a IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, which was determined by sequencing a cloned cDNA. The nucleotide sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) was obtained by sequencing the HAPOR40 clone, which was deposited on Aug. 8, 1997 at the American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110-2209, and given accession number ATCC 209198. The deposited clone is contained in the pBluescript SK(−) plasmid (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.).

The IL17RLP protein of the present invention shares sequence homology with the translation product of the murine mRNA for IL-17 receptor (FIG. 2; SEQ ID NO:3). Murine IL-17 receptor is thought to be an important component of the IL-17 cytokine signal transduction pathway. IL-17 receptor appears to be structurally unrelated to any members of previously described cytokine receptor families. The IL-17/IL-17 receptor complex activates NF-κB activity. NF-κB is a transcription factor known to regulate a large number of gene products involved in growth control. NF-κB-induced gene products include molecules involved in immune, inflammatory, or actute phase responses, such as immunoglobulin light chain, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), IL-2R α chain, and cytokines such as IL- 1D, IL-6, and TNFα. NF-κB directly stimulates the HIV enhancer in T-cells and can itself be activated by different viral proteins with oncogenic potential, such as the hepatitis B virus HBX protein, EBV LMP1, and HTLV-1 Tax protein. The induction of NF-κB by Tax results in up-regulation of IL-2 and IL-2R and subsequently uncontrolled T-cell growth. IL-17 and HVS 13, a gene product of HVS and a murine counterpart of IL-17, strongly induce IL-6 expression. IL-6 is a potent growth factor for myelomas, plasmacytomas, and hybridomas and is involved in the growth of Lennert's Lymphoma T-cells.

Nucleic Acid Molecules

Unless otherwise indicated, all nucleotide sequences determined by sequencing a DNA molecule herein were determined using an automated DNA sequencer (such as the Model 373 from Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, Calif.), and all amino acid sequences of polypeptides encoded by DNA molecules determined herein were predicted by translation of a DNA sequence determined as above. Therefore, as is known in the art for any DNA sequence determined by this automated approach, any nucleotide sequence determined herein may contain some errors. Nucleotide sequences determined by automation are typically at least about 90% identical, more typically at least about 95% to at least about 99.9% identical to the actual nucleotide sequence of the sequenced DNA molecule. The actual sequence can be more precisely determined by other approaches including manual DNA sequencing methods well known in the art. As is also known in the art, a single insertion or deletion in a determined nucleotide sequence compared to the actual sequence will cause a fiame shift in translation of the nucleotide sequence such that the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by a determined nucleotide sequence will be completely different from the amino acid sequence actually encoded by the sequenced DNA molecule, beginning at the point of such an insertion or deletion.

By “nucleotide sequence” of a nucleic acid molecule or polynucleotide is intended, for a DNA molecule or polynucleotide, a sequence of deoxyribonucleotides, and for an RNA molecule or polynucleotide, the corresponding sequence of ribonucleotides (A, G, C and U), where each thymidine deoxyribonucleotide (T) in the specified deoxyribonucleotide sequence is replaced by the ribonucleotide uridine (U).

Using the information provided herein, such as the nucleotide sequence in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1), a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention encoding a IL17RLP polypeptide may be obtained using standard cloning and screening procedures, such as those for cloning cDNAs using mRNA as starting material. Illustrative of the invention, the nucleic acid molecule described in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) was discovered in a cDNA library derived from human adult pulmonary tissue.

Additional clones of the same gene were also identified in cDNA libraries from the following tissues: Crohn's Disease tissue, kidney pyramid, cortex, and medulla tissues, hippocampus, frontal cortex of the brain from a patient with epilepsy, adrenal gland tumor, striatum depression, osteclastoma, endometrial tumor, and hypothalamus from a patient with Schizophrenia.

The determined nucleotide sequence of the IL17RLP cDNA of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 426 amino acid residues, with an initiation codon at nucleotide positions 10-12 of the nucleotide sequence in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1), and a deduced molecular weight of about 47.1 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the IL17RLP protein shown in SEQ ID NO:2 is about 28.6% identical to the murine mRNA for IL-17 receptor (FIG. 2; Yao, Z., et al., Immunity 3:811-821 (1995); GenBank Accession No. U31993).

The open reading frame of the IL17RLP gene shares sequence homology with the translation product of the murine mRNA for IL-17 receptor (FIG. 2; SEQ ID NO:3). The murine IL-17 receptor is thought to be important in regulation of immune cell signal transduction cascades and the resulting regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and activation-state. The homology between the murine IL-17 receptor and IL17RLP indicates that IL17RLP may also be involved in regulation of immune cell signal transduction cascades and the resulting regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and activation-state.

As one of ordinary skill would appreciate, due to the possibilities of sequencing errors discussed above, the actual complete IL17RLP polypeptide encoded by the deposited cDNA, which comprises about 426 amino acids, may be somewhat longer or shorter. More generally, the actual open reading frame may be anywhere in the range of ±20 amino acids, more likely in the range of ±10 amino acids, of that predicted from either the first methionine codon from the N-terminus shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1). It will further be appreciated that, depending on the analytical criteria used for identifying various functional domains, the exact “address” of the extracellular, intracellular and transmembrane domains of the IL17RLP polypeptide may differ slightly from the predicted positions above. For example, the exact location of the IL17RLP extracellular domain in SEQ ID NO:2 may vary slightly (e.g., the address may “shift” by about 1 to about 20 residues, more likely about 1 to about 5 residues) depending on the criteria used to define the domain. In this case, the ends of the transmembrane domain and the beginning of the extracellular domain were predicted on the basis of the identification of the hydrophobic amino acid sequence in the above indicated positions, as shown in FIG. 3. In any event, as discussed further below, the invention further provides polypeptides having various residues deleted from the N-terminus of the complete polypeptide, including polypeptides lacking one or more amino acids from the N-terminus of the extracellular domain described herein, which constitute soluble forms of the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP protein.

It will further be appreciated that, depending on the analytical criteria used for identifying the exact location of the cleavage site of the precursor form of the mature IL17RLP molecule shown in SEQ ID NO:2 may vary slightly, depending on the criteria used to define the cleavage site. In this case, the ends of the signal peptide and the beginning of the mature. IL17RLP molecule were predicted using the HGSI SignalP computer algorithm. One of skill in the art will realize that another widely accepted computer algorithm used to predict potential sites of polypeptide cleavage, PSORT, will predict the cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide from the IL17RLP polypeptide at a point slightly different from that predicted by the HGSI SignalP algorithm. In either case, as discussed further below, the invention further provides polypeptides having various residues deleted from the N-terminus of the complete polypeptide, including polypeptides corresponding to either of the predicted mature IL17RLP polypeptides described herein.

Leader and Mature Sequences

The amino acid sequence of the complete IL17RLP protein includes a leader sequence and a mature protein, as shown in SEQ ID NO:2. More in particular, the present invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding a mature form of the IL17RLP protein. Thus, according to the signal hypothesis, once export of the growing protein chain across the rough endoplasmic reticulum has been initiated, proteins secreted by mammalian cells have a signal or secretory leader sequence which is cleaved from the complete polypeptide to produce a secreted “mature” form of the protein. Most mammalian cells and even insect cells cleave secreted proteins with the same specificity. However, in some cases, cleavage of a secreted protein is not entirely uniform, which results in two or more mature species of the protein. Further, it has long been known that the cleavage specificity of a secreted protein is ultimately determined by the primary structure of the complete protein, that is, it is inherent in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. Therefore, the present invention provides a nucleotide sequence encoding the mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone identified as ATCC Deposit No. 209198. By the “mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone in ATCC Deposit No. 209198” is meant the mature form(s) of the IL17RLP protein produced by expression in a mammalian cell (e.g., COS cells,. as. described below) of the complete open reading frame encoded by the human DNA sequence of the clone contained in the deposited clone HAPOR40.

In addition, methods for predicting whether a protein has a secretory leader as well as the cleavage point for that leader sequence are available. For instance, the method of McGeoch (Virus Res. 3:271-286 (1985)) uses the information from a short N-terminal charged region and a subsequent uncharged region of the complete (uncleaved) protein. The method of von Heinje (Nucleic Acids Res. 14:4683-4690 (1986)) uses the information from the residues surrounding the cleavage site, typically residues −13 to +2 where +1 indicates the amino terminus of the mature protein. The accuracy of predicting the cleavage points of known mammalian secretory proteins for each of these methods is in the range of 75-80% (von Heinje, supra). However, the two methods do not always produce the same predicted cleavage point(s) for a given protein.

In the present case, the deduced amino acid sequence of the complete IL17RLP polypeptide was analyzed by a variation of the computer program “PSORT”, available from Dr. Kenta Nakai of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University (Nakai, K. and Kanehisa, M. Genomics 14:897-911 (1992)), which is an expert system for predicting the cellular location of a protein based on the amino acid sequence. As part of this computational prediction of localization, the methods of McGeoch and von Heinje are incorporated. Thus, the computation analysis above predicted a single cleavage site within the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (see above discussion).

As one of ordinary skill would appreciate from the above discussions, due to the possibilities of sequencing errors as well as the variability of cleavage sites in different known proteins, the mature IL17RLP polypeptide encoded by the deposited cDNA is expected to consist of about 407 amino acids (presumably residues 1 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2, but may consist of any number of amino acids in the range of about 407-412 amino acids; and the actual leader sequence(s) of this protein is expected to be 14-19 amino acids (presumably residues −19 through −1 of SEQ ID NO:2), but may consist of any number of amino acids in the range of 14-19 amino acids.

As indicated, nucleic acid molecules of the present invention may be in the form of RNA, such as mRNA, or in the form of DNA, including, for instance, cDNA and genomic DNA obtained by cloning or produced synthetically. The DNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded. Single-stranded DNA or RNA may be the coding strand, also known as the sense strand, or it may be the non-coding strand, also referred to as the anti-sense strand.

By “isolated” nucleic acid molecule(s) is intended a nucleic acid molecule, DNA or RNA, which has been removed from its native environment For example, recombinant DNA molecules contained in a vector are considered isolated for the purposes of the present invention. Further examples of isolated DNA molecules include recombinant DNA molecules maintained in heterologous host cells or purified (partially or substantially) DNA molecules in solution. Isolated RNA molecules include in vivo or in vitro RNA transcripts of the DNA molecules of the present invention. Isolated nucleic acid molecules according to the present invention further include such molecules produced synthetically.

Isolated nucleic acid molecules of the present invention include DNA molecules comprising an open reading frame (ORF) with an initiation codon at positions 10-12 of the nucleotide sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1).

Also included are DNA molecules comprising the coding sequence for the predicted mature IL17RLP protein shown at positions 1-407 of SEQ ID NO:2.

In addition, isolated nucleic acid molecules of the invention include DNA molecules which comprise a sequence substantially different from those described above but which, due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, still encode the IL17RLP protein. Of course, the genetic code and species-specific codon preferences are well known in the art. Thus, it would be routine for one skilled in the art to generate the degenerate variants described above, for instance, to optimize codon expression for a particular host (e.g., change codons in the human mRNA to those preferred by a bacterial host such as E. coli).

In another aspect, the invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in the plasmid deposited as ATCC Deposit No. 209198 on Aug. 8, 1997.

Preferably, this nucleic acid molecule will encode the mature polypeptide encoded by the above-described deposited cDNA clone.

The invention further provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) or the nucleotide sequence of the IL17RLP cDNA contained in the above-described deposited clone, or a nucleic acid molecule having a sequence complementary to one of the above sequences. Such isolated molecules, particularly DNA molecules, are useful as probes for gene mapping, by in situ hybridization with chromosomes, and for detecting expression of the IL17RLP gene in human tissue, for instance, by Northern blot analysis.

The present invention is further directed to nucleic acid molecules encoding portions of the nucleotide sequences described herein as well as to fragments of the isolated nucleic acid molecules described herein. In particular, the invention provides a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence representing the portion of SEQ ID NO:1 which consists of positions 1-1290 of SEQ ID NO:1.

In addition, the invention provides nucleic acid molecules having nucleotide sequences related to extensive portions of SEQ ID NO:1 which have been determined from the following related cDNA clones: HHPCH63R (SEQ ID NO:4) and HETCC45RA (SEQ ID NO:5). Such polynucleotides may preferably be excluded from the invention.

Further, the invention includes a polynucleotide comprising any portion of at least about 30 nucleotides, preferably at least about 50 nucleotides, of SEQ ID NO:1 from residue 50-1800, 100-1800, 200-1800, 300-1800, 400-1800, 500-1800, 600-1800, 50-650, 100-650, 200-650, 300-650, 400-650, 500-650, 50-500, 100-500, 200-500, 300-500, 400-500, 50-400, 100-400, 200-400, 300-400, 50-300, 100-300, 200-300, 50-200, 100-200, and 50-100.

More generally, by a fragment of an isolated nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence of the deposited cDNA or the nucleotide sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) is intended fragments at least about 15 nt, and more preferably at least about 20 nt, still more preferably at least about 30 nt, and even more preferably, at least about 40 nt in length which are useful as diagnostic probes and primers as discussed herein. Of course, larger fragments 50-300 nt in length are also useful according to the present invention as are fragments corresponding to most, if not all, of the nucleotide sequence of the deposited cDNA or as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1). By a fragment at least 20 nt in length, for example, is intended fragments which include 20 or more contiguous bases from the nucleotide sequence of the deposited cDNA or the nucleotide sequence as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1). Preferred nucleic acid fragments of the present invention include nucleic acid molecules encoding epitope-bearing portions of the IL17RLP polypeptide as identified in FIG. 3 and described in more detail below.

In specific embodiments, the polynucleotide fragments of the invention encode a polypeptide which demonstrates a functional activity. By a polypeptide demonstrating “functional activity” is meant, a polypeptide capable of displaying one or more known functional activities associated with a complete, mature or active form of the IL17RLP polypeptide. Such functional activities include, but are not limited to, biological activity ((e.g., activation of signal transduction pathways resulting in the stimulation of the NF-κB transcription factor family, the secretion of IL-6, and the costimulation of T-cell proliferation; induction of IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, Prostaglandin E (PGE₂), and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression; regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell growth and expansion; myelosuppressive activity for stem and immature subsets of myeloid progenitors; activation and stimulation of hematopoiesis in general (more specifically, neutrophil hematopoiesis); enhancement of erythropoiesis; suppression of lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis; and strong suppression of monocytopoiesis)), antigenicity [ability to bind (or compete with a IL17RLP polypeptide for binding) to an anti-IL17RLP antibody], immunogenicity (ability to generate antibody which binds to an IL17RLP polypeptide), the ability to form polymers with other IL17RLP or IL17RLP-like polypeptides, and ability to bind to a receptor or ligand for an IL17RLP polypeptide.

Preferred nucleic acid fragments of the present invention also include nucleic acid molecules encoding one or more of the following domains of IL17RLP: Domain I (i.e., Val-49 through Leu-62 of SEQ ID NO:2 (Val-68 through Leu-81 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain II (Cys-154 through Thr-166 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Cys-173 through Thr-185 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain III (Gln-202 through Gln-208 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Gln-221 through Gln-227 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain IV (Asp-241 through Val-249 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Asp-260 through Val-268 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain V (Thr-255 through Leu-261 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Thr-274 through Leu-280 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain VI (Leu-310 through Tyr-319 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Leu-329 through Tyr-338 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain VII (Cys-340 through Leu-346 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Cys-359 through Leu-365 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); and Domain VIII (Ile-354 through Gly-358 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Ile-373 through Gly-377 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)).

In specific embodiments, the polynucleotide fragments of the invention encode antigenic regions. Non-limiting examples of antigenic polypeptides or peptides that can be used to generate IL17RLP-specific antibodies include: a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about from about Ser-14 to about Val-22, from about Cys-24 to about Pro-32, from about Ile-41 to about Arg-49, from about Thr-89 to about, from about Thr-110 to about Lys-118, from about Ala-144 to about Ser-152, from about Thr-240 to about Val-248, from about Gly-258 to about Thr-267, from about Leu-280 to about Gly-288, from about Cys-404 to about Glu-412, from about Pro-415 to about Ser-423, from about Gly-409 to about Glu-417, and from about Cys-404 to about Leu-426 in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (which is the identical sequence to that shown in SEQ ID NO:2, with the exception of the numbering schemes as described above).

In additional embodiments, the polynucleotides of the invention encode functional attributes of IL17RLP. Preferred embodiments of the invention in this regard include fragments that comprise alpha-helix and alpha-helix forming regions (“alpha-regions”), beta-sheet and beta-sheet forming regions (“beta-regions”), turn and turn-forming regions (“turn-regions”), coil and coil-forming regions (“coil-regions”), hydrophilic regions, hydrophobic regions, alpha amphipathic regions, beta amphipathic regions, flexible regions, surface-forming regions and high antigenic index regions of IL17RLP.

The data representing the structural or functional attributes of IL17RLP set forth in FIG. 3 and/or Table 1, as described above, was generated using the various modules and algorithms of the DNA*STAR set on default parameters. In a preferred embodiment, the data presented in columns VIII, IX, XIII, and XIV of Table I can be used to determine regions of IL17RLP which exhibit a high degree of potential for antigenicity. Regions of high antigenicity are determined from the data presented in columns VIII, IX, XIII, and/or IV by choosing values which represent regions of the polypeptide which are likely to be exposed on the surface of the polypeptide in an environment in which antigen recognition may occur in the process of initiation of an immune response.

Certain preferred regions in these regards are set out in FIG. 3, but may, as shown in Table I, be represented or identified by using tabular representations of the data presented in FIG. 3. The DNA*STAR computer algorithm used to generate FIG. 3 (set on the original default parameters) was used to present the data in FIG. 3 in a tabular format (See Table I). The tabular format of the data in FIG. 3 may be used to easily determine specific boundaries of a preferred region.

The above-mentioned preferred regions set out in FIG. 3 and in Table I include, but are not limited to, regions of the aforementioned types identified by analysis of the amino acid sequence set out in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C. As set out in FIG. 3 and in Table I, such preferred regions include Garnier-Robson alpha-regions, beta-regions, turn-regions, and coil-regions, Chou-Fasman alpha-regions, beta-regions, and coil-regions, Kyte-Doolittle hydrophilic regions and hydrophobic regions, Eisenberg alpha- and beta-amphipathic regions, Karplus-Schulz flexible regions, Emini surface-forming regions and Jameson-Wolf regions of high antigenic index.

TABLE I Res Position I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV Met 1 A A . . . . . −1.43 0.61 . . . −0.60 0.30 Ser 2 A A . . . . . −1.86 0.87 . . . −0.60 0.20 Leu 3 A A . . . . . −1.77 1.13 . . . −0.60 0.13 Val 4 A A . . . . . −2.19 1.09 . . . −0.60 0.17 Leu 5 A A . . . . . −2.39 1.16 . . . −0.60 0.11 Leu 6 A A . . . . . −2.38 1.27 . . . −0.60 0.13 Ser 7 A A . . . . . −2.89 1.09 . . . −0.60 0.18 Leu 8 A A . . . . . −2.74 1.13 * * . −0.60 0.18 Ala 9 A A . . . . . −1.78 1.01 * * . −0.60 0.11 Ala 10 A A . . . . . −1.27 0.33 * . . −0.30 0.17 Leu 11 A A . . . . . −1.04 0.33 * * . −0.30 0.27 Cys 12 A . B . . T . −1.60 0.14 * . . 0.10 0.27 Arg 13 . . B . . T . −1.00 0.29 * . . 0.40 0.20 Ser 14 . . B . . T . −0.30 0.21 . . . 0.70 0.37 Ala 15 . . B . . T . 0.29 −0.47 . . . 1.75 1.37 Val 16 . . . . . . C 0.89 −1.04 * . F 2.50 1.21 Pro 17 . . . . T . . 1.24 −0.61 * . F 3.00 1.39 Arg 18 . . . . T . . 0.28 −0.51 . . F 2.70 1.99 Glu 19 . . B . . . . 0.58 −0.37 . . F 1.70 1.99 Pro 20 . . B . . . . 0.50 −0.61 . . F 1.70 2.23 Thr 21 . . B . . . . 1.01 −0.47 . . F 0.95 0.61 Val 22 . . B . . . . 0.92 −0.04 . . . 0.50 0.35 Gln 23 . . B . . . . 0.81 0.34 . . . 0.18 0.30 Cys 24 . . B . . T . 0.50 −0.09 * . F 1.41 0.36 Gly 25 . . B . . T . 0.37 −0.09 * . F 1.69 0.71 Ser 26 . . . . T T . 0.47 −0.30 * . F 2.37 0.40 Glu 27 . . . . T T . 1.02 −0.27 * . F 2.80 1.16 Thr 28 . . . . . . C 0.81 −0.46 * . F 2.12 1.57 Gly 29 . . . . . . C 1.48 −0.46 . . F 1.84 1.82 Pro 30 . . . . . . C 1.53 −0.84 . . F 1.86 1.82 Ser 31 . . . . . T C 1.23 0.07 . . F 0.88 1.32 Pro 32 . . . . . T C 0.42 0.20 . * F 0.60 1.32 Glu 33 A . . . . T . 0.73 0.46 . . F −0.05 0.71 Trp 34 A . . . . T . 1.04 0.43 . * . −0.20 0.91 Met 35 A A . . . . . 1.26 0.54 . * . −0.60 0.80 Leu 36 A A . . . . . 0.74 0.11 . * . −0.30 0.77 Gln 37 A A . . . . . 0.07 0.80 . * . −0.60 0.61 His 38 . A B . . . . −0.14 0.57 . * . −0.60 0.43 Asp 39 . A . . T . . −0.20 0.39 . . . 0.10 0.81 Leu 40 . A . . . . C 0.40 0.13 . . . 0.24 0.46 Ile 41 . . B . . T . 0.40 −0.27 * * . 1.38 0.57 Pro 42 . . B . . T . 0.51 −0.09 * * F 1.87 0.28 Gly 43 . . . . T T . 0.54 −0.09 * * F 2.61 0.66 Asp 44 . . . . T T . −0.27 −0.77 * . F 3.40 1.58 Leu 45 . A B . . . . 0.66 −0.77 * * F 2.11 0.84 Arg 46 . A B . . . . 0.69 −1.20 * * F 1.92 1.67 Asp 47 . A B . . . . 0.90 −0.99 . * F 1.43 0.74 Leu 48 . A B . . . . 1.03 −0.99 . . . 1.09 1.56 Arg 49 . A B . . . . 0.18 −1.24 . . . 0.75 1.23 Val 50 . A B B . . . 0.68 −0.60 * . . 0.60 0.55 Glu 51 . A B B . . . 0.26 −0.11 * * F 0.45 0.96 Pro 52 . A B B . . . −0.04 −0.31 . * F 0.45 0.70 Val 53 . . B B . . . −0.09 0.07 * * F 0.00 1.27 Thr 54 . . B B . . . −0.79 0.07 * * F −0.15 0.55 Thr 55 . . B B . . . −0.24 0.57 * . F −0.45 0.36 Ser 56 . . B B . . . −0.59 0.63 * . F −0.45 0.69 Val 57 . . B B . . . −0.38 0.41 . . F −0.45 0.47 Ala 58 . . B B . . . 0.23 −0.07 . . F 0.45 0.55 Thr 59 . . B . . T . 0.24 0.20 . * F 0.25 0.64 Gly 60 . . B . . T . −0.33 0.20 . . F 0.40 1.16 Asp 61 . . B . . T . −0.84 0.24 . . F 0.25 0.80 Tyr 62 . . B . . T . −0.59 0.43 . * . −0.20 0.46 Ser 63 . . B B . . . −0.00 0.56 . * . −0.60 0.46 Ile 64 . . B B . . . −0.54 0.53 . * . −0.60 0.44 Leu 65 . . B B . . . −0.50 1.17 . * . −0.60 0.21 Met 66 . . B B . . . −0.79 0.80 . * . −0.60 0.21 Asn 67 . . B B . . . −1.40 1.33 * * . −0.60 0.31 Val 68 . . B B . . . −1.91 1.29 * * . −0.60 0.28 Ser 69 . . B B . . . −0.91 1.29 * * . −0.60 0.24 Trp 70 . . B B . . . −0.69 0.67 * * . −0.60 0.29 Val 71 . . B B . . . −0.09 0.77 . * . −0.60 0.39 Leu 72 A . . B . . . −0.68 0.13 * * . −0.30 0.49 Arg 73 A . . B . . . −0.12 0.24 * * . −0.30 0.47 Ala 74 A . . B . . . −0.71 −0.29 * * . 0.30 0.85 Asp 75 A . . B . . . −0.31 −0.24 * * . 0.30 0.72 Ala 76 A . . B . . . −0.27 −0.93 * * . 0.60 0.72 Ser 77 A . . B . . . −0.27 −0.24 * * . 0.30 0.59 Ile 78 A . . B . . . −0.33 −0.06 * * . 0.30 0.29 Arg 79 A . . B . . . −0.33 −0.06 * * . 0.30 0.57 Leu 80 A . . B . . . −0.64 −0.06 * * . 0.30 0.43 Leu 81 A . . B . . . −0.01 0.04 * * . −0.30 0.89 Lys 82 A . . B . . . −0.60 −0.64 * * F 0.75 0.91 Ala 83 A . . B . . . −0.38 0.04 * * F −0.15 0.77 Thr 84 A . . B . . . −1.34 −0.07 * . F 0.45 0.50 Lys 85 . . B B . . . −0.84 −0.11 * . F 0.45 0.19 Ile 86 . . B B . . . −0.38 0.37 . * . −0.30 0.27 Cys 87 . . B B . . . −0.38 0.30 * * . −0.30 0.18 Val 88 . . B B . . . −0.09 −0.19 * * . 0.58 0.18 Thr 89 . . B B . . . 0.22 0.20 * * F 0.41 0.35 Gly 90 . . . . T T . −0.52 −0.09 * * F 2.24 1.05 Lys 91 . . . . T T . 0.37 0.13 * * F 1.92 1.22 Ser 92 . . . . T T . 0.73 −0.11 . * F 2.80 1.47 Asn 93 . . . . T T . 1.34 −0.21 . * F 2.52 1.99 Phe 94 . . . . T . . 1.36 0.11 . * F 1.44 1.56 Gln 95 . . . . T . . 1.03 0.50 * * F 0.86 1.56 Ser 96 . . . . T T . 0.13 0.69 * * . 0.48 0.52 Tyr 97 . . B . . T . 0.54 0.93 . * . −0.20 0.44 Ser 98 . . . . T T . −0.12 0.14 . * . 0.50 0.50 Cys 99 . . B . . T . 0.58 0.31 . * . 0.10 0.20 Val 100 . . B . . . . 0.33 0.33 . * . 0.12 0.21 Arg 101 . . B . . . . 0.32 0.33 . * . 0.34 0.24 Cys 102 . . B . . T . 0.57 0.43 * * . 0.46 0.65 Asn 103 . . . . T T . 0.28 −0.14 * * . 2.13 1.52 Tyr 104 . . . . T T . 0.24 −0.29 * * . 2.20 0.78 Thr 105 . . . . . T C 1.10 0.50 * * . 1.03 1.26 Glu 106 . A B B . . . 0.68 0.33 . * . 0.51 1.36 Ala 107 . A B B . . . 1.34 0.41 . . . −0.01 1.25 Phe 108 . A B B . . . 1.03 0.06 * * F 0.22 1.50 Gln 109 . A B B . . . 1.39 0.06 * * F 0.00 1.25 Thr 110 . A B B . . . 1.49 0.06 * * F 0.00 2.43 Gln 111 . . B B . . . 1.19 −0.01 * * F 0.94 4.34 Thr 112 . . . B . . C 1.43 −0.41 * * F 1.48 3.36 Arg 113 . . . B . . C 1.79 −0.39 . * F 1.82 2.30 Pro 114 . . . . T T . 1.83 −0.44 . * F 2.76 1.32 Ser 115 . . . . T T . 1.86 −0.84 . * F 3.40 1.82 Gly 116 . . . . T T . 1.54 −0.41 . * F 2.61 0.98 Gly 117 . . . . T T . 1.16 0.07 . * F 1.67 0.91 Lys 118 . . . B T . . 0.74 0.43 . * F 0.63 0.59 Trp 119 . . B B . . . 0.71 0.43 * . . −0.26 0.80 Thr 120 . . B B . . . 0.12 0.76 * * . −0.45 1.26 Phe 121 . . B B . . . 0.12 1.01 . * . −0.60 0.44 Ser 122 . . B B . . . −0.23 1.44 . * . −0.60 0.42 Tyr 123 . . B B . . . −0.49 1.31 . * . −0.60 0.25 Ile 124 . . . B T . . −1.06 1.26 . * . −0.20 0.45 Gly 125 . . . B . . C −0.74 1.11 . * . −0.40 0.25 Phe 126 . . . B . . C −0.86 0.73 . * . −0.40 0.27 Pro 127 . . B . . . . −0.56 0.66 . * . −0.40 0.32 Val 128 . . B . . . . −0.62 0.37 . * . −0.10 0.52 Glu 129 . . B . . . . −0.59 0.43 . * . −0.40 0.87 Leu 130 . . B B . . . −0.49 0.29 . * . −0.30 0.42 Asn 131 . . B B . . . −0.49 0.61 . * . −0.60 0.88 Thr 132 . . B B . . . −1.17 0.76 . . . −0.60 0.44 Val 133 . . B B . . . −0.66 1.44 . . . −0.60 0.38 Tyr 134 . . B B . . . −1.24 1.19 . . . −0.60 0.23 Phe 135 . . B B . . . −0.47 1.29 . . . −0.60 0.16 Ile 136 . . B B . . . −0.47 1.30 . . . −0.60 0.30 Gly 137 . . B . . . . −1.04 1.06 . . . −0.40 0.30 Ala 138 . . B . . . . −0.40 0.99 . . . −0.40 0.25 His 139 . . . . . . C −0.16 0.63 * . . −0.20 0.54 Asn 140 . . . . . . C −0.04 0.34 . . . 0.10 0.88 Ile 141 . . . . . T C 0.84 0.41 . . . 0.00 0.88 Pro 142 . . . . . T C 0.59 0.31 * . F 0.60 1.04 Asn 143 . . . . T T . 1.18 0.43 * . F 0.35 0.64 Ala 144 . . . . . T C 1.21 0.43 . . F 0.64 1.47 Asn 145 . . . . . . C 1.21 −0.26 . * . 1.53 1.65 Met 146 . . B . . . . 1.76 −0.69 . * . 1.97 1.71 Asn 147 . . . . . T C 1.76 −0.66 . * F 2.86 1.68 Glu 148 . . . . T T . 1.46 −0.73 . * F 3.40 1.61 Asp 149 . . . . T T . 1.44 −0.74 . . F 3.06 2.19 Gly 150 . . . . . T C 1.14 −0.74 . . F 2.52 1.35 Pro 151 . . . . . . C 0.89 −0.76 . . F 1.98 1.04 Ser 152 . . . B . . C 0.89 −0.11 . * F 0.99 0.46 Met 153 . . B B . . . 0.19 0.29 * * . −0.30 0.75 Ser 154 . . B B . . . −0.12 0.64 . * . −0.60 0.42 Val 155 . . B B . . . −0.08 0.70 . * . −0.60 0.45 Asn 156 . . B B . . . −0.08 0.70 . * . −0.60 0.61 Phe 157 . . B B . . . −0.12 0.51 . * . −0.60 0.71 Thr 158 . . . B T . . −0.19 0.56 . * F −0.05 0.94 Ser 159 . . . . . T C −0.70 0.49 . * F 0.15 0.31 Pro 160 . . . . T T . 0.16 0.77 . * F 0.35 0.30 Gly 161 . . . . T T . 0.12 −0.01 . . F 1.25 0.35 Cys 162 A . . . . T . −0.07 −0.00 . . . 0.70 0.35 Leu 163 A A . . . . . −0.36 0.30 * . . −0.30 0.16 Asp 164 A A . . . . . −0.01 0.49 * . . −0.60 0.16 His 165 A A . . . . . −0.04 0.06 * * . −0.30 0.60 Ile 166 A A . . . . . 0.34 0.24 * . . −0.15 1.13 Met 167 A A . . . . . 1.06 −0.44 * * . 0.45 1.36 Lys 168 A A . . . . . 1.91 −0.44 * * . 0.45 1.99 Tyr 169 A A . . . . . 1.24 −0.94 * . F 0.90 5.69 Lys 170 A A . . . . . 0.42 −1.06 * . F 0.90 3.08 Lys 171 A A . . . . . 1.36 −1.03 * . F 0.90 1.14 Lys 172 A A . . . . . 1.37 −1.03 * * F 0.90 1.46 Cys 173 . A B . . . . 0.98 −1.29 * . . 0.60 0.74 Val 174 . A B . . . . 0.92 −0.86 * . . 0.60 0.36 Lys 175 . A B . . . . 0.07 −0.47 * . F 0.45 0.24 Ala 176 . A B . . . . −0.27 0.21 * . F 0.01 0.38 Gly 177 . . B . . T . −0.31 0.56 * . F 0.27 0.53 Ser 178 . . . . . T C 0.14 −0.09 . * F 1.53 0.44 Leu 179 . . . . T T . 1.00 0.34 * * F 1.29 0.68 Trp 180 . . . . T T . 0.07 0.24 * * F 1.60 1.11 Asp 181 . . . . . T C 0.34 0.50 . * F 0.79 0.58 Pro 182 . . . . T T . 0.10 0.60 . * F 0.98 1.01 Asn 183 . . . . T T . −0.27 0.41 * . F 0.67 0.97 Ile 184 A . . . . T . 0.59 0.07 * * . 0.26 0.31 Thr 185 A . . . . . . 0.92 0.07 * * . −0.10 0.40 Ala 186 A . . . . . . 0.92 −0.36 . * . 0.50 0.50 Cys 187 A . . . . T . 1.13 −0.36 . . . 0.85 1.15 Lys 188 A . . . . T . 1.13 −1.04 . . F 1.30 1.38 Lys 189 A . . . . T . 1.71 −1.53 * . F 1.30 2.37 Asn 190 A . . . . T . 1.17 −1.54 * . F 1.30 6.38 Glu 191 A . . . . . . 1.76 −1.47 * . F 1.10 2.37 Glu 192 A . . . . . . 1.57 −1.47 . * F 1.10 2.05 Thr 193 A . . B . . . 1.52 −0.83 * * F 0.75 0.95 Val 194 A . . B . . . 0.78 −0.83 . * F 0.75 0.88 Glu 195 A . . B . . . 0.47 −0.04 . * . 0.30 0.44 Val 196 A . . B . . . 0.16 0.44 . * . −0.60 0.44 Asn 197 . . B B . . . −0.16 0.44 . * . −0.60 0.85 Phe 198 . . B B . . . −0.06 0.29 . * . −0.30 0.71 Thr 199 . . B B . . . −0.01 0.71 . * F −0.30 1.48 Thr 200 . . B B . . . −0.36 0.76 . * F −0.33 0.76 Thr 201 . . . . . T C 0.50 0.79 . * F 0.39 0.87 Pro 202 . . . . . T C 0.61 0.40 . . F 0.81 0.97 Leu 203 . . . . T T . 1.07 −0.09 * . F 1.88 1.32 Gly 204 . . . . . T C 0.78 0.19 * . F 1.20 1.43 Asn 205 . . . . . T C 0.50 0.31 * . F 0.93 0.91 Arg 206 . . B . . T . 0.00 0.39 * . . 0.61 1.12 Tyr 207 . . B . . T . −0.68 0.39 * * . 0.34 0.93 Met 208 . . B . . T . 0.13 0.64 * . . −0.08 0.41 Ala 209 . . B B . . . 0.44 0.64 * . . −0.60 0.36 Leu 210 . . B B . . . 0.14 1.14 * . . −0.60 0.31 Ile 211 . . B B . . . −0.28 0.77 * * . −0.60 0.42 Gln 212 . . B B . . . −0.92 0.64 . . . −0.60 0.60 His 213 . . B B . . . −1.21 0.83 . . . −0.60 0.51 Ser 214 . . B B . . . −0.97 0.83 . . . −0.60 0.51 Thr 215 . . B B . . . −0.86 0.57 . . . −0.60 0.29 Ile 216 . . B B . . . −0.27 0.96 . . . −0.60 0.19 Ile 217 . . B B . . . −0.27 0.84 . . . −0.60 0.19 Gly 218 . . B B . . . −1.09 0.86 * . . −0.60 0.22 Phe 219 . . B B . . . −1.49 1.01 * . . −0.60 0.24 Ser 220 . . . B . . C −1.18 1.11 * . . −0.40 0.29 Gln 221 . . B B . . . −0.50 0.43 * . . −0.60 0.51 Val 222 . . B B . . . 0.36 0.43 * . . −0.60 0.92 Phe 223 A . . B . . . 0.70 0.14 * . . −0.30 0.93 Glu 224 A . . B . . . 1.44 0.16 * . F −0.15 0.93 Pro 225 A A . . . . . 1.79 −0.24 * . F 0.60 2.51 His 226 A A . . . . . 1.79 −0.89 * . F 0.90 5.79 Gln 227 A A . . . . . 2.33 −1.27 * * F 0.90 5.79 Lys 228 A A . . . . . 3.14 −0.79 * * F 0.90 5.40 Lys 229 A A . B . . . 2.56 −1.21 * * F 0.90 7.77 Gln 230 A A . B . . . 2.47 −1.21 . * F 0.90 4.53 Thr 231 . A B B . . . 1.64 −1.23 . * F 0.90 3.04 Arg 232 . A B B . . . 0.79 −0.59 * * F 0.90 1.13 Ala 233 . A B B . . . −0.14 0.06 * * F −0.15 0.48 Ser 234 . . B B . . . −0.40 0.34 . * . −0.30 0.23 Val 235 . . B B . . . −1.26 0.29 . * . −0.30 0.19 Val 236 . . B B . . . −1.26 0.93 . * . −0.60 0.14 Ile 237 . . B B . . . −1.71 0.91 * * . −0.60 0.15 Pro 238 . . B B . . . −1.12 0.96 . * . −0.60 0.20 Val 239 . . B B . . . −1.12 0.31 . * . −0.30 0.44 Thr 240 . . B B . . . −0.27 0.06 . * F 0.15 0.84 Gly 241 . . . B . . C 0.24 −0.63 . * F 1.55 0.94 Asp 242 . . . . . T C 0.54 −0.63 . * F 2.40 1.26 Ser 243 . . . . . T C 0.44 −0.77 . . F 2.55 0.88 Glu 244 . . . . . T C 0.44 −0.77 . * F 3.00 1.28 Gly 245 . . B . . T . 0.76 −0.56 . * F 2.35 0.57 Ala 246 . . B B . . . 0.29 −0.16 . * F 1.35 0.74 Thr 247 . . B B . . . −0.02 0.14 . * . 0.30 0.35 Val 248 . . B B . . . 0.07 0.63 . . . −0.30 0.51 Gln 249 . . B B . . . −0.18 0.63 . * . −0.60 0.78 Leu 250 . . B B . . . −0.53 0.89 . * . −0.60 0.85 Thr 251 . . B B . . . −0.16 1.19 . * . −0.60 0.99 Pro 252 . . B B . . . −0.16 0.97 . * F −0.45 0.89 Tyr 253 . . . B T . . 0.03 1.06 * * F 0.10 1.55 Phe 254 . . B . . T . −0.31 0.94 * . . −0.20 0.58 Pro 255 . . . . T T . 0.20 0.89 * . F 0.35 0.37 Thr 256 . . . . T T . 0.51 0.84 * . F 0.35 0.31 Cys 257 . . . . T T . 0.06 0.09 * . F 0.65 0.61 Gly 258 . . . . T T . −0.59 −0.13 * * F 1.25 0.21 Ser 259 . . . . T T . 0.22 0.13 * . F 0.65 0.10 Asp 260 . . B . . T . 0.40 −0.36 * * F 0.85 0.37 Cys 261 . . B . . T . 0.76 −0.43 * * . 0.98 0.51 Ile 262 . . B . . . . 1.08 −0.86 * * . 1.36 0.77 Arg 263 . . B . . . . 1.11 −0.81 * * . 1.64 0.45 His 264 . . . . T T . 0.56 −0.33 * * . 2.37 1.22 Lys 265 . . . . T T . −0.30 −0.26 * * F 2.80 1.30 Gly 266 . . . . T T . −0.44 −0.30 * * F 2.37 0.49 Thr 267 . . B . . T . −0.22 0.39 * * F 1.09 0.30 Val 268 . . B B . . . −0.54 0.46 . * . −0.04 0.08 Val 269 . . B B . . . −0.51 0.89 . * . −0.32 0.12 Leu 270 . . B B . . . −0.87 0.86 . * . −0.60 0.15 Cys 271 . . B . . T . −0.87 0.86 . . . −0.20 0.29 Pro 272 . . B . . T . −1.41 0.64 . . F −0.05 0.39 Gln 273 . . . . T T . −0.77 0.64 . . F 0.35 0.35 Thr 274 . . . . T T . −0.61 0.39 . . F 0.80 1.01 Gly 275 . . B . . . . −0.01 0.60 . * F −0.25 0.56 Val 276 . . B . . T . −0.16 0.60 . * . −0.20 0.50 Pro 277 . . B . . T . 0.06 0.89 . * . −0.20 0.29 Phe 278 . . B . . T . 0.06 0.40 . * . 0.14 0.49 Pro 279 . . B . . T . 0.37 0.37 . . . 0.93 1.05 Leu 280 . . B . . . . 0.76 0.13 . . F 1.22 1.09 Asp 281 . . . . T T . 1.31 −0.30 . * F 2.76 2.52 Asn 282 . . . . T T . 1.57 −0.70 . . F 3.40 2.19 Asn 283 . . . . T T . 2.06 −1.13 . . F 3.06 5.31 Lys 284 . . . . T T . 1.92 −1.39 . . F 2.85 4.91 Ser 285 . . . . . . C 2.39 −0.96 . . F 2.24 3.02 Lys 286 . . . . . T C 2.10 −0.93 . . F 2.23 1.86 Pro 287 . . . . T T . 1.29 −0.41 . . F 1.77 0.98 Gly 288 . . . . T T . 1.08 0.27 . . F 1.30 0.60 Gly 289 . . . . T T . 0.22 0.31 . * F 1.17 0.47 Trp 290 . . B B . . . −0.29 1.00 * . . −0.21 0.25 Leu 291 . . B B . . . −1.14 1.26 . . . −0.34 0.21 Pro 292 . . B B . . . −1.74 1.51 . . . −0.47 0.17 Leu 293 . . B B . . . −1.70 1.77 . . . −0.60 0.14 Leu 294 . . B B . . . −2.17 1.24 . . . −0.60 0.22 Leu 295 . . B B . . . −2.69 1.24 . . . −0.60 0.12 Leu 296 . . B B . . . −2.73 1.50 . . . −0.60 0.12 Ser 297 . . B B . . . −3.11 1.46 . . . −0.60 0.11 Leu 298 . . B B . . . −2.61 1.27 . . . −0.60 0.13 Leu 299 A . . B . . . −2.09 1.07 . . . −0.60 0.23 Val 300 A . . B . . . −2.13 1.30 . . . −0.60 0.18 Ala 301 A . . B . . . −2.13 1.56 . . . −0.60 0.16 Thr 302 A . . B . . . −2.69 1.56 . . . −0.60 0.16 Trp 303 . . B B . . . −2.47 1.51 . . . −0.60 0.16 Val 304 . . B B . . . −2.00 1.37 . . . −0.60 0.16 Leu 305 . . B B . . . −2.03 1.30 . . . −0.60 0.11 Val 306 . . B B . . . −1.69 1.50 . . . −0.60 0.07 Ala 307 . . B B . . . −2.19 1.34 . . . −0.60 0.15 Gly 308 . . B B . . . −2.50 1.39 . . . −0.60 0.15 Ile 309 A . . B . . . −1.93 1.31 * * . −0.60 0.21 Tyr 310 A . . B . . . −1.01 1.59 * * . −0.60 0.21 Leu 311 A . . B . . . −0.19 1.09 * * . −0.60 0.42 Met 312 A . . B . . . 0.40 1.16 * * . −0.60 0.82 Trp 313 A . . B . . . 0.86 0.47 * * . −0.60 0.91 Arg 314 A . . B . . . 0.86 −0.29 . * . 0.45 2.16 His 315 A . . B . . . 1.14 −0.29 * . . 0.45 1.53 Glu 316 A . . B . . . 2.00 −0.90 * . . 0.75 2.91 Arg 317 A A . . . . . 2.29 −1.81 * . F 0.90 2.97 Ile 318 A A . . . . . 2.28 −1.33 * . F 0.90 3.15 Lys 319 . A . . T . . 1.47 −1.44 * . F 1.30 2.43 Lys 320 . A . B T . . 1.20 −0.66 * * F 1.30 1.08 Thr 321 . A . B . . C 0.89 −0.27 * . F 0.80 2.06 Ser 322 . A . B . . C 0.47 −0.47 * * F 0.80 1.48 Phe 323 . . B B . . . 1.04 0.01 * . F 0.00 1.07 Ser 324 . . B B . . . 0.19 0.50 . . F −0.30 1.07 Thr 325 . . B B . . . −0.67 0.70 . . F −0.45 0.66 Thr 326 . . B B . . . −0.57 1.00 . . F −0.45 0.63 Thr 327 . . B B . . . −0.48 0.64 . . F −0.45 0.72 Leu 328 . . B B . . . −0.67 0.69 . * F −0.45 0.78 Leu 329 . . B B . . . −0.32 0.89 * * F −0.45 0.38 Pro 330 . . B B . . . −0.87 0.40 * . F −0.15 0.52 Pro 331 . . B B . . . −1.37 0.56 * * F −0.45 0.47 Ile 332 . . B B . . . −1.91 0.56 * * F −0.45 0.47 Lys 333 . . B B . . . −1.96 0.51 * * F −0.45 0.23 Val 334 . . B B . . . −1.39 0.73 . . . −0.60 0.11 Leu 335 . . B B . . . −1.39 1.06 . * . −0.60 0.24 Val 336 . . B B . . . −1.48 0.80 * * . −0.60 0.19 Val 337 . . B B . . . −0.59 1.19 * * . −0.60 0.34 Tyr 338 . . B . . T . −1.52 0.54 * . . −0.20 0.71 Pro 339 A . . . . T . −1.33 0.54 . . F −0.05 0.67 Ser 340 A . . . T T . −1.22 0.47 . * F 0.35 0.48 Glu 341 A . . . . T . −0.40 0.61 . . F −0.05 0.27 Ile 342 A . . B . . . 0.42 0.36 . . . −0.30 0.24 Cys 343 A . . B . . . 0.36 0.43 . * . −0.60 0.24 Phe 344 A . . B . . . −0.32 0.53 . * . −0.60 0.20 His 345 A . . B . . . −0.69 1.21 . * . −0.60 0.20 His 346 . . B B . . . −0.93 1.10 . * . −0.60 0.20 Thr 347 . . . B T . . −0.74 1.29 . * . −0.20 0.36 Ile 348 . . . B T . . −0.39 1.29 * . . −0.20 0.23 Cys 349 . . . B T . . 0.31 1.27 * . . −0.20 0.24 Tyr 350 . . . B T . . −0.36 0.77 * . . −0.20 0.29 Phe 351 . . B B . . . −1.13 1.07 * . . −0.60 0.36 Thr 352 A . . B . . . −0.82 1.07 * . . −0.60 0.56 Glu 353 A . . B . . . 0.07 0.90 * . . −0.60 0.61 Phe 354 A . . B . . . 0.70 0.54 * . . −0.45 1.14 Leu 355 A . . B . . . 0.28 0.26 * * . −0.15 1.07 Gln 356 A . . B . . . 1.09 0.34 * * . −0.30 0.33 Asn 357 . . . B T . . 1.10 0.34 * * . 0.10 0.75 His 358 . . . B . . C 1.10 −0.06 * * . 0.65 1.22 Cys 359 . . . . T T . 0.94 −0.74 . * . 1.55 1.22 Arg 360 A . . . . T . 0.87 −0.50 * * F 1.15 0.56 Ser 361 A . . . . T . 0.06 −0.21 . * F 0.85 0.29 Glu 362 A . . . . T . 0.06 −0.03 . * F 0.85 0.45 Val 363 A A . . . . . 0.13 −0.60 * * . 0.60 0.40 Ile 364 A A . . . . . 0.51 −0.60 * * . 0.60 0.59 Leu 365 A A . . . . . 0.40 −0.07 * * . 0.30 0.36 Glu 366 A A . . . . . 0.74 0.33 * . . −0.30 0.84 Lys 367 A A . . . . . 0.79 −0.31 * . F 0.60 2.38 Trp 368 A A . . . . . 1.69 −1.00 . . F 0.90 5.78 Gln 369 A A . . . . . 1.69 −1.69 . . F 0.90 6.68 Lys 370 A A . . . . . 1.91 −1.00 * . F 0.90 2.34 Lys 371 A A . . . . . 1.91 −0.50 * . F 0.90 2.25 Lys 372 A A . . . . . 1.27 −1.41 * . F 0.90 2.25 Ile 373 A A . . . . . 1.21 −1.20 . . . 0.75 1.11 Ala 374 . A B . . . . 1.00 −0.77 . . . 0.60 0.55 Glu 375 . A B . . . . 0.10 −0.34 . . . 0.30 0.43 Met 376 . A B . . . . 0.06 0.30 * . . −0.30 0.45 Gly 377 . . B . . T . −0.28 0.01 * . . 0.10 0.77 Pro 378 A . . . . T . −0.20 0.43 . . . −0.20 0.47 Val 379 A . . . . T . −0.20 1.11 . . . −0.20 0.39 Gln 380 A . . . . T . −0.51 1.00 . . . −0.20 0.40 Trp 381 A A . . . . . 0.09 1.06 . . . −0.60 0.37 Leu 382 A A . . . . . 0.48 1.03 . . . −0.60 0.87 Ala 383 A A . . . . . 0.73 0.39 . . . −0.15 1.00 Thr 384 A A . . . . . 1.00 −0.01 * . F 0.60 1.91 Gln 385 A A . . . . . 0.41 −0.43 * . F 0.60 2.34 Lys 386 A A . . . . . 0.70 −0.61 * . F 0.90 2.34 Lys 387 A A . . . . . 1.56 −1.11 * . F 0.90 2.71 Ala 388 A A . . . . . 1.29 −1.60 * . F 0.90 3.12 Ala 389 A A . . . . . 0.74 −1.36 * . F 0.90 1.16 Asp 390 A A . . . . . 0.04 −0.71 * . F 0.75 0.43 Lys 391 A A . . . . . −0.81 0.07 * . . −0.30 0.37 Val 392 . A B . . . . −1.67 0.26 * . . −0.30 0.30 Val 393 . A B . . . . −1.38 0.44 * . . −0.60 0.15 Phe 394 . A B . . . . −0.79 0.83 * . . −0.60 0.10 Leu 395 . A B . . . . −0.79 1.23 * . . −0.60 0.22 Leu 396 . A B . . . . −1.69 0.59 * * . −0.60 0.49 Ser 397 . A . . T . . −0.83 0.59 * . F −0.05 0.42 Asn 398 . . . . T . . −0.28 0.20 * . F 0.45 0.81 Asp 399 . . . . T T . −0.43 −0.10 * . F 1.40 1.32 Val 400 . . . . T T . −0.29 −0.14 * . F 1.25 0.73 Asn 401 . . B . T T . 0.52 0.04 * * F 0.65 0.24 Ser 402 . . B . . T . 0.48 −0.36 * . . 0.70 0.24 Val 403 . . B . . . . 0.17 0.07 * . . 0.21 0.32 Cys 404 . . B . . T . −0.50 −0.09 * . . 1.32 0.29 Asp 405 . . B . . T . 0.01 0.09 . . F 1.18 0.12 Gly 406 . . . . T T . 0.06 0.13 . . F 1.89 0.16 Thr 407 . . . . T T . 0.06 −0.51 . . F 3.10 0.58 Cys 408 . . B . . T . 0.91 −0.70 . . F 2.39 0.47 Gly 409 . . . . T T . 1.23 −0.70 . . F 2.48 0.81 Lys 410 . . . . T T . 0.93 −0.70 . . F 2.17 0.56 Ser 411 . . . . . T C 1.07 −0.80 . . F 1.81 1.40 Glu 412 . . . . . . C 1.08 −0.94 . . F 1.30 2.18 Gly 413 . . . . . . C 1.74 −0.99 . * F 1.64 1.46 Ser 414 . . . . . T C 2.09 −0.99 . * F 2.18 1.89 Pro 415 . . . . . T C 1.74 −0.97 . * F 2.52 1.75 Ser 416 . . . . . T C 2.04 −0.59 . . F 2.86 2.38 Glu 417 . . . . T T . 2.04 −0.61 . . F 3.40 3.07 Asn 418 . . . . T . . 2.09 −1.00 . . F 2.86 3.32 Ser 419 . . . . T T . 2.09 −1.04 . . F 2.93 3.32 Gln 420 . . . . T T . 2.09 −1.04 . . F 2.80 2.57 Asp 421 . . . . T T . 1.72 −0.61 . . F 2.67 2.47 Ser 422 . . . . T T . 0.91 −0.44 . . F 2.09 0.99 Ser 423 . . . . . T C 0.52 −0.14 . . F 2.10 0.47 Pro 424 . . B . . T . 0.43 −0.11 . . . 1.54 0.36 Cys 425 . . B . . T . 0.04 0.31 . . . 0.73 0.34 Leu 426 . . B . . T . −0.34 0.36 . . . 0.52 0.33

Among highly preferred. fragments in this regard are those that comprise reigons of IL17RLP that combine several structural features, such as several features set out above.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a portion of the polynucleotide in a nucleic acid molecule of the invention described above, for instance, the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198. By “stringent hybridization conditions” is intended overnight incubation at 42° C. in a solution comprising: 50% formamide, 5×SSC (750 mM NaCl, 75 mM trisodiumn citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.6), 5×Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 μg/ml denatured, sheared salmon sperm DNA, followed by washing the filters in 0.1×SSC at about 65° C.

By a polynucleotide which hybridizes to a “portion” of a polynucleotide is intended a polynucleotide (either DNA or RNA) hybridizing to at least about 15 nucleotides (nt), and more preferably at least about 20 nt, still more preferably at least about 30 nt, and even more preferably about 30-70 (e.g., 50) nt of the reference polynucleotide. These are useful as diagnostic probes and primers as discussed above and in more detail below.

By a portion of a polynucleotide of “at least 20 nt in length,” for example, is intended 20 or more contiguous nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of the reference polynucleotide (e.g., the deposited cDNA or the nucleotide sequence as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1)). Of course, a polynucleotide which hybridizes only to a poly A sequence (such as the 3′ terminal poly(A) tract of the IL17RLP cDNA shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and lC (SEQ ID NO:1)), or to a complementary stretch of T (or U) residues, would not be included in a polynucleotide of the invention used to hybridize to a portion of a nucleic acid of the invention, since such a polynucleotide would hybridize to any nucleic acid molecule containing a poly (A) stretch or the complement thereof (e.g., practically any double-stranded cDNA clone).

In preferred embodiments, polynucleotides which hybridize to the reference polynucleotides disclosed herein encode polypeptides which either retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the mature form of the IL17RLP polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide sequence depicted in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) or the clone contained in the deposit (HAPOR40).

Alternative embodiments are directed to polynucleotides which hybridize to the reference polynucleotide (i.e., a polynucleotide sequence disclosed herein), but do not retain biological activity. While these polynucleotides do not retain biological activity, they have uses, such as, for example, as probes for the polynucleotides of SEQ ID NO:1, for recovery of the polynucleotides, as diagnostic probes, and as PCR primers.

As indicated, nucleic acid molecules of the present invention which encode a IL17RLP polypeptide may include, but are not limited to those encoding the amino acid sequence of the mature polypeptide, by itself, and the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide and additional sequences, such as those encoding the about 19 amino acid leader or secretory sequence, such as a pre-, or pro- or prepro-protein sequence; the coding sequence of the mature polypeptide, with or without the aforementioned additional coding sequences.

Also encoded by nucleic acids of the invention are the above protein sequences together with additional, non-coding sequences, including for example, but not limited to introns and non-coding 5′ and 3′ sequences, such as the transcribed, non-translated sequences that play a role in transcription, mRNA processing, including splicing and polyadenylation signals, for example—ribosome binding and stability of mRNA; an additional coding sequence which codes for additional amino acids, such as those which provide additional functionalities.

Thus, the sequence encoding the polypeptide may be fused to a marker sequence, such as a sequence encoding a peptide which facilitates purification of the fused polypeptide. In certain preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the marker amino acid sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, such as the tag provided in a pQE vector (QIAGEN, Inc., 9259 Eton Avenue, Chatsworth, Calif., 91311), among others, many of which are commercially available. As described by Gentz and colleagues (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:821-824 (1989)), for instance, hexa-histidine provides for convenient purification of the fusion protein. The “HA” tag is another peptide useful for purification which corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein, which has been described by Wilson and coworkers (Cell 37:767 (1984)). As discussed below, other such fusion proteins include the IL17RLP fused to Fc at the N- or C-terminus.

Variant and Mutant Polynucleotides

The present invention further relates to variants of the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, which encode portions, analogs or derivatives of the IL17RLP protein. Variants may occur naturally, such as a natural allelic variant. By an “allelic variant” is intended one of several alternate forms of a gene occupying a given locus on a chromosome of an organism (Genes II, Lewin, B., ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York (1985)). Non-naturally occurring variants may be produced using art-known mutagenesis techniques.

Such variants include those produced by nucleotide substitutions, deletions or additions. The substitutions, deletions or additions may involve one or more nucleotides. The variants may be altered in coding regions, non-coding regions, or both. Alterations in the coding regions may produce conservative or non-conservative amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions. Especially preferred among these are silent substitutions, additions and deletions, which do not alter the properties and activities of the IL17RLP protein or portions thereof. Also especially preferred in this regard are conservative substitutions.

Most highly preferred are nucleic acid molecules encoding the mature protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or the mature IL17RLP amino acid sequence encoded by the deposited cDNA clone.

Most highly preferred are nucleic acid molecules encoding the extracellular domain of the protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP amino acid sequence encoded by the deposited cDNA clone.

Thus, one aspect of the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions −19 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 excepting the N-terminal methionine (i.e., positions −18 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (c) a nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence at positions 1 to 407 in SEQ ID NO:2; (d) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising the predicted extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence at positions 1 to 271 in SEQ ID NO:2; (e) a nucleotide sequence encoding a soluble IL17RLP polypeptide having the predicted extracellular and intracellular domains, but lacking the predicted transmembrane domain; (f) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the human cDNA contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (g) a nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence excepting the N-terminal methionine encoded by the human cDNA contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (h) a nucleotide sequence encoding the mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the human cDNA contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (i) a nucleotide sequence encoding the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the human cDNA contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; and (j) a nucleotide sequence complementary to any of the nucleotide sequences in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i) above.

Further embodiments of the invention include isolated nucleic acid molecules that comprise a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least 90% identical, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical, to any of the nucleotide sequences in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i), above, or a polynucleotide which hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a polynucleotide in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i), above. This polynucleotide which hybridizes does not hybridize under stringent hybridization conditions to a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence consisting of only A residues or of only T residues. An additional nucleic acid embodiment of the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of an epitope-bearing portion of a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h), above. A further nucleic acid embodiment of the invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of a IL17RLP polypeptide having an amino acid sequence which contains at least one conservative amino acid substitution, but not more than 50 conservative amino acid substitutions, even more preferably, not more than 40 conservative amino acid substitutions, still more preferably not more than 30 conservative amino acid substitutions, and still even more preferably not more than 20 conservative amino acid substitutions. Of course, in order of ever-increasing preference, it is highly preferable for a polynucleotide which encodes the amino acid sequence of a IL17RLP polypeptide to have an amino acid sequence which contains not more than 10-20, 10-15, 7-15, 7-10, 5-10, 3-7, 3-5, 2-5, 1-5, 1-3, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 conservative amino acid substitutions.

The present invention also relates to recombinant vectors, which include the isolated nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, and to host cells containing the recombinant vectors, as well as to methods of making such vectors and host cells and for using them for production of IL17RLP polypeptides or peptides by recombinant techniques.

By a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least, for example, 95% “identical” to a reference nucleotide sequence encoding a IL17RLP polypeptide is intended that the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide is identical to the reference sequence except that the polynucleotide sequence may include up to five point mutations per each 100 nucleotides of the reference nucleotide sequence encoding the IL17RLP polypeptide. In other words, to obtain a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least 95% identical to a reference nucleotide sequence, up to 5% of the nucleotides in the reference sequence may be deleted or substituted with another nucleotide, or a number of nucleotides up to 5% of the total nucleotides in the reference sequence may be inserted into the reference sequence. These mutations of the reference sequence may occur at the 5′ or 3′ terminal positions of the reference nucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among nucleotides in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence.

As a practical matter, whether any particular nucleic acid molecule is at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to, for instance, the nucleotide sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C or to the nucleotides sequence of the deposited cDNA clone can be determined conventionally using known computer programs such as the Bestfit program (Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package, Version 8 for Unix, Genetics Computer Group, University Research Park, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis. 53711). Bestfit uses the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman to find the best segment of homology between two sequences (Advances in Applied Mathematics 2:482-489 (1981)). When using Bestfit or any other sequence alignment program to determine whether a particular sequence is, for instance, 95% identical to a reference sequence according to the present invention, the parameters are set, of course, such that the percentage of identity is calculated over the full length of the reference nucleotide sequence and that gaps in homology of up to 5% of the total number of nucleotides in the reference sequence are allowed. A preferred method for determing the best overall match between a query sequence (a sequence of the present invention) and a subject sequence, also referred to as a global sequence alignment, can be determined using the FASTDB computer program based on the algorithm of Brutlag and colleagues (Comp. App. Biosci. 6:237-245 (1990)). In a sequence alignment the query and subject sequences are both DNA sequences. An RNA sequence can be compared by converting U's to T's. The result of said global sequence alignment is in percent identity. Preferred parameters used in a FASTDB alignment of DNA sequences to calculate percent identiy are: Matrix=Unitary, k-tuple=4, Mismatch Penalty=1, Joining Penalty=30, Randomization Group Length=0, Cutoff Score=1, Gap Penalty=5, Gap Size Penalty 0.05, Window Size=500 or the length of the subject nucleotide sequence, whichever is shorter.

If the subject sequence is shorter than the query sequence because of 5′ or 3′ deletions, not because of internal deletions, a manual correction must be made to the results. This is becuase the FASTDB program does not account for 5′ and 3′ truncations of the subject sequence when calculating percent identity. For subject sequences truncated at the 5′ or 3′ ends, relative to the the query sequence, the percent identity is corrected by calculating the number of bases of the query sequence that are 5′ and 3′ of the subject sequence, which are not matched/aligned, as a percent of the total bases of the query sequence. Whether a nucleotide is matched/aligned is determined by results of the FASTDB sequence alignment. This percentage is then subtracted from the percent identity, calculated by the above FASTDB program using the specified parameters, to arrive at a final percent identity score. This corrected score is what is used for the purposes of the present invention. Only bases outside the 5′ and 3′ bases of the subject sequence, as displayed by the FASTDB alignment, which are not matched/aligned with the query sequence, are calculated for the purposes of manually adjusting the percent identity score.

For example, a 90 base subject sequence is aligned to a 100 base query sequence to determine percent identity. The deletions occur at the 5′ end of the subject sequence and therefore, the FASTDB alignment does not show a matched/alignement of the first 10 bases at 5′ end. The 10 unpaired bases represent 10% of the sequence (number of bases at the 5′ and 3′ ends not matched/total number of bases in the query sequence) so 10% is subtracted from the percent identity score calculated by the FASTDB program. If the remaining 90 bases were perfectly matched the final percent identity would be 90%. In another example, a 90 base subject sequence is compared with a 100 base query sequence. This time the deletions are internal deletions so that there are no bases on the 5′ or 3′ of the subject sequence which are not matched/aligned with the query. In this case the percent identity calculated by FASTDB is not manually corrected. Once again, only bases 5′ and 3′ of the subject sequence which are not matched/aligned with the query sequnce are manually corrected for. No other manual corrections are to made for the purposes of the present invention.

The present application is directed to nucleic acid molecules at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the nucleic acid sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) or to the nucleic acid sequence of the deposited cDNA, irrespective of whether they encode a polypeptide having IL17RLP activity. This is because even where a particular nucleic acid molecule does not encode a polypeptide having IL17RLP activity, one of skill in the art would still know how to use the nucleic acid molecule, for instance, as a hybridization probe or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer. Uses of the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention that do not encode a polypeptide having IL17RLP activity include, inter alia, (1) isolating the IL17RLP gene or allelic variants thereof in a cDNA library; (2) in situ hybridization (e.g., “FISH”) to metaphase chromosomal spreads to provide precise chromosomal location of the IL17RLP gene, as described by Verma and colleagues (Human Chromosomes. A Manual of Basic Techniques, Pergamon Press, New York (1988)); and Northern Blot analysis for detecting IL17RLP mRNA expression in specific tissues.

Preferred, however, are nucleic acid molecules having sequences at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the nucleic acid sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) or to the nucleic acid sequence of the deposited cDNA which do, in fact, encode a polypeptide having IL17RLP protein activity. By “a polypeptide having IL17RLP activity” is intended polypeptides exhibiting activity similar, but not necessarily identical, to an activity of the mature or soluble form of the IL17RLP protein of the invention, as measured in a particular biological assay. For example, the IL17RLP protein of the present invention modulates IL-6 secretion from NIH-3T3 cells. An in vitro ELISA assay which quantitates the amount of IL-6 secreted from cells in response to treatment with cytokines or the soluble extracellular domains of cytokine receptors has been described (Yao, Z., et al., Immunity 3:811-821 (1995)). Briefly, the assay involves plating the target cells at a density of approximately 5×106 cells/mL in a volume of 500 μL in the wells of a 24 well flat-bottomed culture plate (Costar). The cultures are then treated with various concentrations of the cytokine or the soluble extracellular domain of cytokine receptor in question The cells are then cultured for 24 hours at 37° C. At this time, 50 μL of supernatant is removed and assayed for the quantity of IL-6 essentially as described by the manufacturer (Genzyme, Boston, Mass.). IL-6 levels are then calculated by reference to a standard curve constructed with recombinant IL-17 cytokine. Such activity is useful for determining the level of IL17RLP-mediated IL-6 secretion.

IL17RLP protein modulates immune system cell proliferation and differentiation in a dose-dependent manner in the above-described assay. Thus, “a polypeptide having IL17RLP protein activity” includes polypeptides that also exhibit any of the same stimulatory activities in the above-described assays in a dose-dependent manner. Although the degree of dose-dependent activity need not be identical to that of the IL17RLP protein, preferably, “a polypeptide having IL17RLP protein activity” will exhibit substantially similar dose-dependence in a given activity as compared to the IL17RLP protein (i.e., the candidate polypeptide will exhibit greater activity or not more than about 25-fold less and, preferably, not more than about tenfold less activity relative to the reference IL17RLP protein).

Lymphocyte proliferation is another in vitro assay which may be performed to determine the activity of IL17RLP and soluble, extracellular domains of IL17RLP. For example, Yao and colleagues (Immunity 3:811-821 (1995)) have recently described an in vitro assay for determining the effects of various cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors on the proliferation of murine leukocytes. Briefly, lymphoid organs are harvested aseptically, lymphocytes are isolated from the harvested organs, and the resulting collection of lymphoid cells are suspended in standard culture medium as described by Fanslow and coworkers (J. Immunol. 147:535-5540 (1991)). The lymphoid cell suspensions may then be divided into several different subclasses of lymphoid cells including splenic T-cells, lymph node B-cells, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells, and mature adult thymocytes. For splenic T-cells, spleen cell suspensions (200×10⁶ cells) are incubated with CD11b mAb and class II MHC mAb for 30 min at 4° C., loaded on a T-cell purification column (Pierce, Rockford, Ill.), and the T-cells eluted according to the manufacturer's instructions. Using this method, purity of the resulting T-cell populations should be >95% CD3⁺ and <1% sIgM⁺. For purification of lymph node subsets, B-cells are removed from by adherence to tissue culture dishes previously coated with goat anti-mouse IgG (10 μg/mL). Remaining cells were then incubated with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 for 30 min at 4° C. then washed and placed on tissue culture dishes previously coated with goat anti-rat IgG (20 μg/mL). After 45 min, nonadherent cells are removed and tested for purity by flow cytometry. CD4 and surface Ig-depleted cells should be >90% TCR-αβ, CD8⁺, whereas CD8 and surface Ig-depleted cells should be >95% TCR-αβ, CD4⁺. Finally, to enrich for mature adult thymocytes, cells are suspended at 10⁸/mL in 10% anti-HSA and 10% low tox rabbit complement (Cedarlane, Ontario, Canada), incubated for 45 min at 37° C., and remaining viable cells isolated over Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.). This procedure should yield between 90 and 95% CD3^(hi) cells that are either CD4⁺8⁻ or CD4⁻8⁺.

To analyze the proliferative response of the above-described primary cell cultures, in vitro proliferation assays are set up in round bottom or flat bottom 96-well plates using 0.5-1.5×10⁵ cells/well. For stimulation, T-cells are incubated with suboptimal concentrations (0.25-0.5 μg/mL) of Con A (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.), PHA (0.25-0.5%; Difco, Detroit, Mich.), immobilized anti-CD3, or immobilized anti-TCR-αβ. Anti-CD3 and anti-TCR-αβ are immobilized for >2 hours at 37° C. before the addition of effector cells. Incubations are done in the presence and absence of fixed CV-1/EBNA cells transfected with IL17RLP, muteins thereof, a control vector, or a control antigen such as rCD40L (Armitage, et al., Nature 357:80 (1992)); Spriggs, et al., J. Exp. Med. 176:1543 (1992)). Surface expression of CD40L is monitored by flow cytometry using a human CD40-Fc fusion protein. Cell cultures are pulsed overnight with [³H]-thymidine (1 μCi/well) for the last 18 hours of a 3 day culture. Labeled cultures are then harvested on a 96-well Inotech harvester and radioactive counts detected using a scintillation counter.

Like other cytokine receptors, IL17RLP exhibits activity on leukocytes including for example monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils. For this reason IL17RLP is active in directing the proliferation and differentiation of these cell types. Such activity is usefil for immune enhancement or suppression, myeloprotection, stem cell mobilization, acute and chronic inflammatory control and treatment of leukemia. Assays for measuring such activity are well known in the art (Peters, et al., Immun. Today 17:273 (1996); Young, et al., J. Exp. Med. 182:1111 (1995); Caux, et al., Nature 390:258 (1992); and Santiago-Schwarz, et al., Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 378:7 (1995).

Of course, due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, one of ordinary skill in the art will immediately recognize that a large number of the nucleic acid molecules having a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to the nucleic acid sequence of the deposited cDNA or the nucleic acid sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1) will encode a polypeptide “having IL17RLP protein activity.” In fact, since degenerate variants of these nucleotide sequences all encode the same polypeptide, this will be clear to the skilled artisan even without performing the above described comparison assay. It will be further recognized in the art that, for such nucleic acid molecules that are not degenerate variants, a reasonable number will also encode a polypeptide having IL17RLP protein activity. This is because the skilled artisan is fully aware of amino acid substitutions that are either less likely or not likely to significantly effect protein function (e.g., replacing one aliphatic amino acid with a second aliphatic amino acid), as further described below.

Vectors and Host Cells

The present invention also relates to vectors which include the isolated DNA molecules of the present invention, host cells which are genetically engineered with the recombinant vectors, and the production of IL17RLP polypeptides or fragments thereof by recombinant techniques. The vector may be, for example, a phage, plasmid, viral or retroviral vector. Retroviral vectors may be replication competent or replication defective. In the latter case, viral propagation generally will occur only in complementing host cells.

The polynucleotides may be joined to a vector containing a selectable marker for propagation in a host. Generally, a plasmid vector is introduced in a precipitate, such as a calcium phosphate precipitate, or in a complex with a charged lipid. If the vector is a virus, it may be packaged in vitro using an appropriate packaging cell line and then transduced into host cells.

The DNA insert should be operatively linked to an appropriate promoter, such as the phage lambda PL promoter, the E. coli lac, trp, phoA and tac promoters, the SV40 early and late promoters and promoters of retroviral LTRs, to name a few. Other suitable promoters will be known to the skilled artisan. The expression constructs will further contain sites for transcription initiation, termination and, in the transcribed region, a ribosome binding site for translation. The coding portion of the transcripts expressed by the constructs will preferably include a translation initiating codon at the beginning and a termination codon (UAA, UGA or UAG) appropriately positioned at the end of the polypeptide to be translated.

As indicated, the expression vectors will preferably include at least one selectable marker. Such markers include dihydrofolate reductase, G418 or neomycin resistance for eukaryotic cell culture and tetracycline, kanamycin or ampicillin resistance genes for culturing in E. coli and other bacteria. Representative examples of appropriate hosts include, but are not limited to, bacterial cells, such as E. coli, Streptomyces and Salmonella typhimurium cells; fungal cells, such as yeast cells; insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells; animal cells such as CHO, COS, 293 and Bowes melanoma cells; and plant cells. Appropriate culture mediums and conditions for the above-described host cells are known in the art.

Vectors preferred for use in bacteria include pHE4-5, pQE70, pQE60 and pQE-9 (QIAGEN, Inc., supra); pBS vectors, Phagescript vectors, Bluescript vectors, pNH8A, pNH16a, pNH18A, pNH46A (Stratagene); and ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 (Pharmacia). Among preferred eukaryotic vectors are pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, PXT1, and pSG (Stratagene); and pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG and pSVL (Pharmacia). Other suitable vectors will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan.

Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, infection or other methods. Such methods are described in many standard laboratory manuals (for example, Davis, et al., Basic Methods In Molecular Biology (1986)).

The polypeptide may be expressed in a modified form, such as a fusion protein, and may include not only secretion signals, but also additional heterologous functional regions. For instance, a region of additional amino acids, particularly charged amino acids, may be added to the N-terminus of the polypeptide to improve stability and persistence in the host cell, during purification, or during subsequent handling and storage. Also, peptide moieties may be added to the polypeptide to facilitate purification. Such regions may be removed prior to final preparation of the polypeptide. The addition of peptide moieties to polypeptides to engender secretion or excretion, to improve stability and to facilitate purification, among others, are familiar and routine techniques in the art. A preferred fusion protein comprises a heterologous region from immunoglobulin that is useful to stabilize and purify proteins. For example, EP-A-O 464 533 (Canadian counterpart 2045869) discloses fusion proteins comprising various portions of constant region of immunoglobulin molecules together with another human protein or part thereof. In many cases, the Fc part in a fusion protein is thoroughly advantageous for use in therapy and diagnosis and thus results, for example, in improved pharmacokinetic properties (EP-A 0232 262). On the other hand, for some uses it would be desirable to be able to delete the Fc part after the fusion protein has been expressed, detected and purified in the advantageous manner described. This is the case when Fc portion proves to be a hindrance to use in therapy and diagnosis, for example when the fusion protein is to be used as antigen for immunizations. In drug discovery, for example, human proteins, such as hIL-5, have been fused with Fc portions for the purpose of high-throughput screening assays to identify antagonists of hIL-5 (Bennett, D., et al., J. Molecular Recognition 8:52-58 (1995); Johanson, K., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270:9459-9471 (1995)).

The IL17RLP protein can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Most preferably, high performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”) is employed for purification. Polypeptides of the present invention include: products purified from natural sources, including bodily fluids, tissues and cells, whether directly isolated or cultured; products of chemical synthetic procedures; and products produced by recombinant techniques from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host, including, for example, bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect and mammalian cells. Depending upon the host employed in a recombinant production procedure, the polypeptides of the present invention may be glycosylated or may be non-glycosylated. In addition, polypeptides of the invention may also include an initial modified methionine residue, in some cases as a result of host-mediated processes. Thus, it is well known in the art that the N-terminal methionine encoded by the translation initiation codon generally is removed with high efficiency from any protein after translation in all eukaryotic cells. While the N-terminal methionine on most proteins also is efficiently removed in most prokaryotes, for some proteins this prokaryotic removal process is inefficient, depending on the nature of the amino acid to which the N-terminal methionine is covalently linked.

Polypeptides and Fragments

The invention further provides an isolated IL17RLP polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the deposited cDNA, or the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2, or a peptide or polypeptide comprising a portion of the above polypeptides.

Variant and Mutant Polypeptides

To improve or alter the characteristics of IL17RLP polypeptides, protein engineering may be employed. Recombinant DNA technology known to those skilled in the art can be used to create novel mutant proteins or muteins including single or multiple amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions or fusion proteins. Such modified polypeptides can show, e.g., enhanced activity or increased stability. In addition, they may be purified in higher yields and show better solubility than the corresponding natural polypeptide, at least under certain purification and storage conditions.

N-Terminal and C-Terminal Deletion Mutants

For instance, for many proteins, including the extracellular domain of a membrane associated protein or the mature form(s) of a secreted protein, it is known in the art that one or more amino acids may be deleted from the N-terminus or C-terminus without substantial loss of biological function. For instance, Ron and colleagues (J. Biol. Chem., 268:2984-2988 (1993)) reported modified KGF proteins that had heparin binding activity even if 3, 8, or 27 N-terminal amino acid residues were missing. In the present case, since the protein of the invention is a member of the interleukin (IL)-17 receptor polypeptide family, deletions of N-terminal amino acids up to the cysteine at position. 5 of SEQ ID NO:2 may retain some biological activity such as ligand binding or modulation of target cell activities. Polypeptides having further N-terminal deletions including the cysteine residue at position 5 in SEQ ID NO:2 would not be expected to retain such biological activities because it is known that this residue in the murine IL-17 receptor polypeptide is likely required for forming a disulfide bridge to provide structural stability which is needed for ligand binding and the initiation of the appropriate signal transduction pathways.

However, even if deletion of one or more amino acids from the N-terminus of a protein results in modification of loss of one or more biological functions of the protein, other biological activities may still be retained. Thus, the ability of the shortened protein to induce and/or bind to antibodies which recognize the complete, mature or extracellular domain of the protein generally will be retained when less than the majority of the residues of the complete, mature or extracellular domain of the protein are removed from the N-terminus. Whether a particular polypeptide lacking N-terminal residues of a complete protein retains such immunologic activities can readily be determined by routine methods described herein and otherwise known in the art.

Accordingly, the present invention further provides polypeptides having one or more residues deleted from the amino terminus of the amino acid sequence of the IL17RLP shown in SEQ ID NO:2, up to the cysteine residue at position number 5, and polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides. In particular, the present invention provides polypeptides comprising the amino acid sequence of residues n¹-407 of SEQ ID NO:2, where n¹ is an integer in the range of −19 to 5, and 5 is the position of the first residue from the N-terminus of the complete IL17RLP polypeptide (shown in SEQ ID NO:2) believed to be required for ligand binding activity of the IL17RLP protein.

More in particular, the invention provides polynucleotides encoding polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of residues of −18-407, −17-407, −16-407, −15-407, −14-407, −13-407, −12-407, −11-407, −10-407, −9-407, −8-407, −7-407, −6-407, −5-407, −4-407, −3-407, −2-407, −1-407, 1-407, 2-407, 3-407, 4-407, and 5-407 of SEQ ID NO:2. Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides also are provided.

Similarly, many examples of biologically functional C-terminal deletion muteins are known. For instance, Interferon gamma shows up to ten times higher activities by deleting 8-10 amino acid residues from the carboxy terminus of the protein (Dobeli, et al., J. Biotechnology 7:199-216 (1988)). In the present case, since the protein of the invention is a member of the interleukin (IL)-17 receptor polypeptide family, deletions of C-terminal amino acids up to the cysteine at position 340 of SEQ ID NO:2 may retain some biological activity such as ligand-binding. Polypeptides having further C-termninal deletions including the cysteine residue at position 340 of SEQ ID NO:2 would not be expected to retain such biological activities because it is known that this residue in the murine IL-17 receptor polypeptide is likely required for forming a disulfide bridge to provide structural stability which is needed for receptor binding and signal transduction.

However, even if deletion of one or more amino acids from the C-terminus of a protein results in modification of loss of one or more biological functions of the protein, other biological activities may still be retained. Thus, the ability of the shortened protein to induce and/or bind to antibodies which recognize the complete, mature or extracellular domain of the protein generally will be retained when less than the majority of the residues of complete, mature or extracellular domain of the protein are removed from the C-terminus. Whether a particular polypeptide lacking C-terminal residues of a complete protein retains such immunologic activities can readily be determined by routine methods described herein and otherwise known in the art.

Accordingly, the present invention further provides polypeptides having one or more residues from the carboxy terminus of the amino acid sequence of the IL17RLP shown in SEQ ID NO:2, up to the cysteine residue at position 340 of SEQ ID NO:2, and polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides. In particular, the present invention provides polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of residues −19-m¹ of the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2, where ml is any integer in the range of 340 to 407, and residue 340 is the position of the first residue from the C-terminus of the complete IL17RLP polypeptide (shown in SEQ ID NO:2) believed to be required for the IL17RLP protein to transfer its extracellular signal to the interior of the cell.

More in particular, the invention provides polynucleotides encoding polypeptides having the amino acid sequence of residues −19-340, −19-341, −19-342, −19-343, −19-344, −19-345, −19-346, −19-347, −19-348, −19-349, −19-350, −19-351, −19-352, −19-353, −19-354, −19-355, −19-356, −19-357, −19-358, −19-359, −19-360, −19-361, −19-362, −19-363, −19-364, −19-365, −19-366, −19-367, −19-368, −19-369, −19-370, −19-371, −19-372, −19-373, −19-374, −19-375, −19-376, −19-377, −19-378, −19-379, −19-380, −19-381, −19-382, −19-383, −19-384, −19-385, −19-386, −19-387, −19-388, −19-389, −19-390, −19-391, −19-392, −19-393, −19-394, −19-395, −19-396, −19-397, −19-398, −19-399, −19-400, −19-401, −19-402, −19-403, −19-404, −19-405, −19-406, and −19-407 of SEQ ID NO:2. Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides also are provided.

The invention also provides polypeptides having one or more amino acids deleted from both the amino and the carboxyl termini, which may be described generally as having residues n¹−m¹ of SEQ ID NO:2, where n¹ and m¹ are integers as described above.

Also included are a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide consisting of a portion of the complete IL17RLP amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198, where this portion excludes from 1 to about 23 amino acids from the amino terminus of the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198, or from 1 to about 67 amino acids from the carboxy terminus, or any combination of the above amino terminal and carboxy terminal deletions, of the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198. Polynucleotides encoding all of the above deletion mutant polypeptide forms also are provided.

As mentioned above, even if deletion of one or more amino acids from the N-terminus of a protein results in modification of loss of one or more biological functions of the protein, other biological activities may still be retained. Thus, the ability of the shortened IL17RLP mutein to induce and/or bind to antibodies which recognize the complete or mature of the protein generally will be retained when less than the majority of the residues of the complete or mature protein are removed from the N-terminus. Whether a particular polypeptide lacking N-terminal residues of a complete protein retains such immunologic activities can readily be determined by routine methods described herein and otherwise known in the art. It is not unlikely that a IL17RLP mutein with a large number of deleted N-terminal amino acid residues may retain some biological or immungenic activities. In fact, peptides composed of as few as six IL17RLP amino acid residues may often evoke an immune response.

Accordingly, the present invention further provides polypeptides having one or more residues deleted from the amino terminus of the IL17RLP amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, up to the aspartic acid residue at position number 421 and polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides. In particular, the present invention provides polypeptides comprising the amino acid sequence of residues n²-426 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:2), where n² is an integer in the range of 2 to 421, and 422 is the position of the first residue from the N-terminus of the complete IL17RLP polypeptide believed to be required for at least immunogenic activity of the IL17RLP protein.

More in particular, the invention provides polynucleotides encoding polypeptides comprising, or alternatively consisting of, the amino acid sequence of residues of S-2 to L-426; L-3 to L-426; V-4 to L-426; L-5 to L-426; L-6 to L-426; S-7 to L-426; L-8 to L-426; A-9 to L-426; A-I0 to L-426; L-11 to L-426; C-12 to L426; R-13 to L-426; S-14 to L-426; A-15 to L-426; V-16 to L-426; P-17 to L-426; R-18 to L-426; E-19 to L-426; P-20 to L-426; T-21 to L-426; V-22 to L426; Q-23 to L-426; C-24 to L-426; G-25 to L-426; S-26 to L-426; E-27 to L-426; T-28 to L-426; G-29 to L-426; P-30 to L-426; S-31 to L-426; P-32 to L-426; E-33 to L-426; W-34 to L-426; M-35 to L-426; L-36 to L-426; Q-37 to L-426; H-38 to L-426; D-39 to L-426; L-40 to L-426; I-41 to L-426; P-42 to L-426; G-43 to L-426; D-44 to L-426; L-45 to L-426; R-46 to L-426; D-47 to L-426; L-48 to L-426; R-49 to L-426; V-50 to L-426; E-51 to L-426; P-52 to L-426; V-53 to L-426; T-54 to L-426; T-55 to L-426; S-56 to L-426; V-57 to L-426; A-58 to L-426; T-59 to L-426; G-60 to L-426; D-61 to L-426; Y-62 to L-426; S-63 to L-426; I-64 to L-426; L-65 to L-426; M-66 to L-426; N-67 to L-426; V-68 to L-426; S-69 to L-426; W-70 to L-426; V-71 to L-426; L-72 to L-426; R-73 to L-426; A-74 to L-426; D-75 to L-426; A-76 to L-426; S-77 to L-426; I-78 to L-426; R-79 to L-426; L-80 to L-426; L-81 to L-426; K-82 to L-426; A-83 to L-426; T-84 to L-426; K-85 to L-426; I-86 to L-426; C-87 to L-426; V-88 to L-426; T-89 to L-426; G-90 to L-426; K-91 to L-426; S-92 to L-426; N-93 to L-426; F-94 to L-426; Q-95 to L-426; S-96 to L-426; Y-97 to L-426; S-98 to L-426; C-99 to L-426; V-100 to L-426; R-101 to L-426; C-102 to L-426; N-103 to L-426; Y-104 to L-426; T-105 to L-426; E-106 to L-426; A-107 to L-426; F-108 to L-426; Q-109 to L-426; T-110 to L-426; Q-111 to L-426; T-112 to L-426; R-113 to L-426; P-114 to L-426; S-115 to L-426; G-116 to L-426; G-117 to L-426; K-118 to L-426; W-119 to L-426; T-120 to L-426; F-121 to L-426; S-122 to L-426; Y-123 to L-426; I-124 to L-426; G-125 to L-426; F-126 to L-426; P-127 to L-426; V-128 to L-426; E-129 to L-426; L-130 to L-426; N-131 to L-426; T-132 to L-426; V-133 to L-426; Y-134 to L-426; F-135 to L-426; I-136 to L-426; G-137 to L-426; A-138 to L-426; H-139 to L-426; N-140 to L-426; I-141 to L-426; P-142 to L-426; N-143 to L-426; A-144 to L-426; N-145 to L-426; M-146 to L-426; N-147 to L-426; E-148 to L-426; D-149 to L-426; G-150 to L-426; P-151 to L-426; S-152 to L-426; M-153 to L-426; S-154 to L-426; V-155 to L-426; N-156 to L-426; F-157 to L-426; T-158 to L-426; S-159 to L-426; P-160 to L-426; G-161 to L-426; C-162 to L-426; L-163 to L-426; D-164 to L-426; H-165 to L-426; I-166 to L-426; M-167 to L-426; K-168 to L-426; Y-169 to L-426; K-170 to L-426; K-171 to L-426; K-172 to L-426; C-173 to L-426; V-174 to L-426; K-175 to L-426; A-176 to L-426; G-177 to L-426; S-178 to L-426; L-179 to L-426; W-180 to L-426; D-181 to L-426; P-182 to L-426; N-183 to L-426; I-184 to L-426; T-185 to L-426; A-186 to L-426; C-187 to L-426; K-188 to L-426; K-189 to L-426; N-190 to L-426; E-191 to L-426; E-192 to L-426; T-193 to L-426; V-194 to L-426; E-195 to L-426; V-196 to L-426; N-197 to L-426; F-198 to L-426; T-199 to L-426; T-200 to L-426; T-201 to L-426; P-202 to L-426; L-203 to L-426; G-204 to L-426; N-205 to L-426; R-206 to L-426; Y-207 to L-426; M-208 to L-426; A-209 to L-426; L-210 to L-426; I-211 to L-426; Q-212 to L-426; H-213 to L-426; S-214 to L-426; T-215 to L-426; I-216 to L-426; I-217 to L-426; G-218 to L-426; F-219 to L-426; S-220 to L-426; Q-221 to L-426; V-222 to L-426; F-223 to L-426; E-224 to L-426; P-225 to L-426; H-226 to L-426; Q-227 to L-426; K-228 to L-426; K-229 to L-426; Q-230 to L-426; T-231 to L-426; R-232 to L-426; A-233 to L-426; S-234 to L-426; V-235 to L-426; V-236 to L-426; I-237 to L-426; P-238 to L-426; V-239 to L-426; T-240 to L-426; G-241 to L-426; D-242 to L-426; S-243 to L-426; E-244 to L-426; G-245 to L-426; A-246 to L-426; T-247 to L-426; V-248 to L-426; Q-249 to L-426; L-250 to L-426; T-251 to L-426; P-252 to L-426; Y-253 to L-426; F-254 to L-426; P-255 to L-426; T-256 to L-426; C-257 to L-426; G-258 to L-426; S-259 to L-426; D-260 to L-426; C-261 to L-426; I-262 to L-426; R-263 to L-426; H-264 to L-426; K-265 to L-426; G-266 to L-426; T-267 to L-426; V-268 to L-426; V-269 to L-426; L-270 to L-426; C-271 to L-426; P-272 to L-426; Q-273 to L-426; T-274 to L-426; G-275 to L-426; V-276 to L-426; P-277 to L-426; F-278 to L-426; P-279 to L-426; L-280 to L-426; D-281 to L-426; N-282 to L-426; N-283 to L-426; K-284 to L-426; S-285 to L-426; K-286 to L-426; P-287 to L-426; G-288 to L-426; G-289 to L-426; W-290 to L-426; L-291 to L-426; P-292 to L-426; L-293 to L-426; L-294 to L-426; L-295 to L-426; L-296 to L-426; S-297 to L-426; L-298 to L-426; L-299 to L-426; V-300 to L-426; A-301 to L-426; T-302 to L-426; W-303 to L-426; V-304 to L-426; L-305 to L-426; V-306 to L-426; A-307 to L-426; G-308 to L-426; I-309 to L-426; Y-310 to L-426; L-311 to L-426; M-312 to L-426; W-313 to L-426; R-314 to L-426; H-315 to L-426; E-316 to L-426; R-317 to L-426; I-318 to L-426; K-319 to L-426; K-320 to L-426; T-321 to L-426; S-322 to L-426; F-323 to L-426; S-324 to L-426; T-325 to L-426; T-326 to L-426; T-327 to L-426; L-328 to L-426; L-329 to L-426; P-330 to L-426; P-331 to L-426; I-332 to L-426; K-333 to L-426; V-334 to L-426; L-335 to L-426; V-336 to L-426; V-337 to L-426; Y-338 to L-426; P-339 to L-426; S-340 to L-426; E-341 to L-426; I-342 to L-426; C-343 to L-426; F-344 to L-426; H-345 to L-426; H-346 to L-426; T-347 to L-426; I-348 to L-426; C-349 to L-426; Y-350 to L-426; F-351 to L-426; T-352 to L-426; E-353 to L-426; F-354 to L-426; L-355 to L-426; Q-356 to L-426; N-357 to L-426; H-358 to L-426; C-359 to L-426; R-360 to L-426; S-361 to L-426; E-362 to L-426; V-363 to L-426; I-364 to L-426; L-365 to L-426; E-366 to L-426; K-367 to L-426; W-368 to L-426; Q-369 to L-426; K-370 to L-426; K-371 to L-426; K-372 to L-426; I-373 to L-426; A-374 to L-426; E-375 to L-426; M-376 to L-426; G-377 to L-426; P-378 to L-426; V-379 to L-426; Q-380 to L-426; W-381 to L-426; L-382 to L-426; A-383 to L-426; T-384 to L-426; Q-385 to L-426; K-386 to L-426; K-387 to L-426; A-388 to L-426; A-389 to L-426; D-390 to L-426; K-391 to L-426; V-392 to L-426; V-393 to L-426; F-394 to L-426; L-395 to L-426; L-396 to L-426; S-397 to L-426; N-398 to L-426; D-399 to L-426; V-400 to L-426; N-401 to L-426; S-402 to L-426; V-403 to L-426; C-404 to L-426; D-405 to L-426; G-406 to L-426; T-407 to L-426; C-408 to L-426; G-409 to L-426; K-410 to L-426; S-411 to L-426; E-412 to L-426; G-413 to L-426; S-414 to L-426; P-415 to L-426; S-416 to L-426; E-417 to L-426; N-418 to L-426; S-419 to L-426; Q-420 to L-426; and D-421 to L-426 of the IL17RLP amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (which is identical to the sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:2, with the exception that the amino acid residues in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C are numbered consecutively from 1 through 426 from the N-termninus to the C-terminus, while the amino acid residues in SEQ ID NO:2 are numbered consecutively from −19 through 406 to reflect the position of the predicted signal peptide). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides are also encompassed by the invention.

Also as mentioned above, even if deletion of one or more amino acids from the C-terminus of a protein results in modification of loss of one or more biological functions of the protein, other biological activities may still be retained. Thus, the ability of the shortened IL17RLP mutein to induce and/or bind to antibodies which recognize the complete or mature of the protein generally will be retained when less than the majority of the residues of the complete or mature protein are removed from the C-terminus. Whether a particular polypeptide lacking C-terminal residues of a complete protein retains such immunologic activities can readily be determined by routine methods described herein and otherwise known in the art. It is not unlikely that a IL17RLP mutein with a large number of deleted C-termninal amino acid residues may retain some biological or immungenic activities. In fact, peptides composed of as few as six IL17RLP amino acid residues may often evoke an immune response.

Accordingly, the present invention further provides polypeptides having one or more residues deleted from the carboxy terminus of the amino acid sequence of the IL17RLP shown in SEQ ID NO:2, up to the leucine residue at position number 6, and polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides. In particular, the present invention provides polypeptides comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 1-m² of SEQ ID NO:2, where m² is an integer in the range of 6 to 426, and 6 is the position of the first residue from the C-terminus of the complete IL17RLP polypeptide believed to be required for at least immunogenic activity of the IL17RLP protein.

More in particular, the invention provides polynucleotides encoding polypeptides comprising, or alternatively consisting of, the amino acid sequence of residues M-1 to C-425; M-1 to P-424; M-1 to S423; M-1 to S422; M-1 to D-421; M-1 to Q-420; M-1 to S-419; M-1 to N-418; M-1 to E-417; M-1 to S-416; M-1 to P-415; M-1 to S-414; M-1 to G-413; M-1 to E-412; M-1 to S-411; M-1 to K-410; M-1 to G-409; M-1 to C-408; M-1 to T-407; M-1 to G-406; M-1 to D-405; M-1 to C-404; M-1 to V-403; M-1 to S-402; M-1 to N-401; M-1 to V-400; M-1 to D-399; M-1 to N-398; M-1 to S-397; M-1 to L-396; M-1 to L-395; M-1 to F-394; M-1 to V-393; M-1 to V-392; M-1 to K-391; M-1 to D-390; M-1 to A-389; M-1 to A-388; M-1 to K-387; M-1 to K-386; M-1 to Q-385; M-1 to T-384; M-1 to A-383; M-1 to L-382; M-1 to W-381; M-1 to Q-380; M-1 to V-379; M-1 to P-378; M-1 to G-377; M-1 to M-376; M-1 to E-375; M-1 to A-374; M-1 to I-373; M-1 to K-372; M-1 to K-371; M-1 to K-370; M-1 to Q-369; M-1 to W-368; M-1 to K-367; M-1 to E-366; M-1 to L-365; M-1 to I-364; M-1 to V-363; M-1 to E-362; M-1 to S-361; M-1 to R-360; M-1 to C-359; M-1 to H-358; M-1 to N-357; M-1 to Q-356; M-1 to L-355; M-1 to F-354; M-1 to E-353; M-1 to T-352; M-1 to F-351; M-1 to Y-350; M-1 to C-349; M-1 to I-348; M-1 to T-347; M-1 to H-346; M-1 to H-345; M-1 to F-344; M-1 to C-343; M-1 to I-342; M-1 to E-341; M-1 to S-340; M-1 to P-339; M-1 to Y-338; M-1 to V-337; M-1 to V-336; M-1 to L-335; M-1 to V-334; M-1 to K-333; M-1 to I-332; M-1 to P-331; M-1 to P-330; M-1 to L-329; M-1 to L-328; M-1 to T-327; M-1 to T-326; M-1 to T-325; M-1 to S-324; M-1 to F-323; M-1 to S-322; M-1 to T-321; M-1 to K-320; M-1 to K-319; M-1 to I-318; M-1 to R-317; M-1 to E-316; M-1 to H-315; M-1 to R-314; M-1 to W-313; M-1 to M-312; M-1 to L-311; M-1 to Y-310; M-1 to I-309; M-1 to G-308; M-1 to A-307; M-1 to V-306; M-1 to L-305; M-1 to V-304; M-1 to W-303; M-1 to T-302; M-1 to A-301; M-1 to V-300; M-1 to L-299; M-1 to L-298; M-1 to S-297; M-1 to L-296; M-1 to L-295; M-1 to L-294; M-1 to L-293; M-1 to P-292; M-1 to L-291; M-1 to W-290; M-1 to G-289; M-1 to G-288; M-1 to P-287; M-1 to K-286; M-1 to S-285; M-1 to K-284; M-1 to N-283; M-1 to N-282; M-1 to D-281; M-1 to L-280; M-1 to P-279; M-1 to F-278; M-1 to P-277; M-1 to V-276; M-1 to G-275; M-1 to T-274; M-1 to Q-273; M-1 to P-272; M-1 to C-271; M-1 to L-270; M-1 to V-269; M-1 to V-268; M-1 to T-267; M-1 to G-266; M-1 to K-265; M-1 to H-264; M-1 to R-263; M-1 to I-262; M-1 to C-261; M-1 to D-260; M-1 to S-259; M-1 to G-258; M-1 to C-257; M-1 to T-256; M-1 to P-255; M-1 to F-254; M-1 to Y-253; M-1 to P-252; M-1 to T-251; M-1 to L-250; M-1 to Q-249; M-1 to V-248; M-1 to T-247; M-1 to A-246; M-1 to G-245; M-1 to E-244; M-1 to S-243; M-1 to D-242; M-1 to G-241; M-1 to T-240; M-1 to V-239; M-1 to P-238; M-1 to I-237; M-1 to V-236; M-1 to V-235; M-1 to S-234; M-1 to A-233; M-1 to R-232; M-1 to T-231; M-1 to Q-230; M-1 to K-229; M-1 to K-228; M-1 to Q-227; M-1 to H-226; M-1 to P-225; M-1 to E-224; M-1 to F-223; M-1 to V-222; M-1 to Q-221; M-1 to S-220; M-1 to F-219; M-1 to G-218; M-1 to I-217; M-1 to I-216; M-1 to T-215; M-1 to S-214; M-1 to H-213; M-1 to Q-212; M-1 to I-211; M-1 to L-210; M-1 to A-209; M-1 to M-208; M-1 to Y-207; M-1 to R-206; M-1 to N-205; M-1 to G-204; M-1 to L-203; M-1 to P-202; M-1 to T-201; M-1 to T-200; M-1 to T-199; M-1 to F-198; M-1 to N-197; M-1 to V-196; M-1 to E-195; M-1 to V-194; M-1 to T-193; M-1 to E-192; M-1 to E-191; M-1 to N-190; M-1 to K-189; M-1 to K-188; M-1 to C-187; M-1 to A-186; M-1 to T-185; M-1 to I-184; M-1 to N-183; M-1 to P-182; M-1 to D-181; M-1 to W-180; M-1 to L-179; M-1 to S-178; M-1 to G-177; M-1 to A-176; M-1 to K-175; M-1 to V-174; M-1 to C-173; M-1 to K-172; M-1 to K-171; M-1 to K-170; M-1 to Y-169; M-1 to K-168; M-1 to M-167; M-1 to I-166; M-1 to H-165; M-1 to D-164; M-1 to L-163; M-1 to C-162; M-1 to G-161; M-1 to P-160; M-1 to S-159; M-1 to T-158; M-1 to F-157; M-1 to N-156; M-1 to V-155; M-1 to S-154; M-1 to M-153; M-1 to S-152; M-1 to P-151; M-1 to G-150; M-1 to D-149; M-1 to E-148; M-1 to N-147; M-1 to M-146; M-1 to N-145; M-1 to A-144; M-1 to N-143; M-1 to P-142; M-1 to I-141; M-1 to N-140; M-1 to H-139; M-1 to A-138; M-1 to G-137; M-1 to I-136; M-1 to F-135; M-1 to Y-134; M-1 to V-133; M-1 to T-132; M-1 to N-131; M-1 to L-130; M-1 to E-129; M-1 to V-128; M-1 to P-127; M-1 to F-126; M-1 to G-125; M-1 to I-124; M-1 to Y-123; M-1 to S-122; M-1 to F-121; M-1 to T-120; M-1 to W-119; M-1 to K-118; M-1 to G-117; M-1 to G-116; M-1 to S-115; M-1 to P-114; M-1 to R-113; M-1 to T-112; M-1 to Q-111; M-1 to T-110; M-1 to Q-109; M-1 to F-108; M-1 to A-107; M-1 to E-106; M-1 to T-105; M-1 to Y-104; M-1 to N-103; M-1 to C-102; M-1 to R-101; M-1 to V-100; M-1 to C-99; M-1 to S-98; M-1 to Y-97; M-1 to S-96; M-1 to Q-95; M-1 to F-94; M-1 to N-93; M-1 to S-92; M-1 to K-91; M-1 to G-90; M-1 to T-89; M-1 to V-88; M-1 to C-87; M-1 to I-86; M-1 to K-85; M-1 to T-84; M-1 to A-83; M-1 to K-82; M-1 to L-81; M-1 to L-80; M-1 to R-79; M-1 to I-78; M-1 to S-77; M-1 to A-76; M-1 to D-75; M-1 to A-74; M-1 to R-73; M-1 to L-72; M-1 to V-71; M-1 to W-70; M-1 to S-69; M-1 to V-68; M-1 to N-67; M-1 to M-66; M-1 to L-65; M-1 to I-64; M-1 to S-63; M-1 to Y-62; M-1 to D-61; M-1 to G-60; M-1 to T-59; M-1 to A-58; M-1 to V-57; M-1 to S-56; M-1 to T-55; M-1 to T-54; M-1 to V-53; M-1 to P-52; M-1 to E-51; M-1 to V-50; M-1 to R-49; M-1 to L-48; M-1 to D-47; M-1 to R-46; M-1 to L-45; M-1 to D-44; M-1 to G-43; M-1 to P-42; M-1 to I-41; M-1 to L-40; M-1 to D-39; M-1 to H-38; M-1 to Q-37; M-1 to L-48; M-1 to M-35; M-1 to W-34; M-1 to E-33; M-1 to P-32; M-1 to S-31; M-1 to P-30; M-1 to G-29; M-1 to T-28; M-1 to E-27; M-1 to S-26; M-1 to G-25; M-1 to C-24; M-1 to Q-23; M-1 to V-22; M-1 to T-21; M-1 to P-20; M-1 to E-19; M-1 to R-18; M-1 to P-17; M-1 to V-16; M-1 to A-15; M-1 to S-14; M-1 to R-13; M-1 to C-12; M-1 to L-11; M-1 to A-10; M-1 to A-9; M-1 to L-8; M-1 to S-7; and M-1 to L-6 of the sequence of the IL17RLP sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (which is identical to the sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:2, with the exception that the amino acid residues in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C are numbered consecutively from 1 through 426 from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, while the amino acid residues in SEQ ID NO:2 are numbered consecutively from −19 through 406 to reflect the position of the predicted signal peptide). Polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides also are provided.

The invention also provides polypeptides having one or more amino acids deleted from both the amino and the carboxyl termini of an IL17RLP polypeptide, which may be described generally as having residues n²-m² of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:2), where n² and m² are integers as described above.

Other Mutants

In addition to terminal deletion forms of the protein discussed above, it also will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that some amino acid sequences of the IL17RLP polypeptide can be varied without significant effect of the structure or function of the protein. If such differences in sequence are contemplated, it should be remembered that there will be critical areas on the protein which determine activity.

Thus, the invention further includes variations of the IL17RLP polypeptide which show substantial IL17RLP polypeptide activity or which include regions of IL17RLP protein such as the protein portions discussed below. Such mutants include deletions, insertions, inversions, repeats, and type substitutions selected according to general rules known in the art so as have little effect on activity. For example, guidance concerning how to make phenotypically silent amino acid substitutions is provided wherein the authors indicate that there are two main approaches for studying the tolerance of an amino acid sequence to change (Bowie, J. U., et al., Science 247:1306-1310 (1990)),. The first method relies on the process of evolution, in which mutations are either accepted or rejected by natural selection. The second approach uses genetic engineering to introduce amino acid changes at specific positions of a cloned gene and selections or screens to identify sequences that maintain functionality.

As the authors state, these studies have revealed that proteins are surprisingly tolerant of amino acid substitutions. The authors further indicate which amino acid changes are likely to be permissive at a certain position of the protein. For example, most buried amino acid residues require nonpolar side chains, whereas few features of surface side chains are generally conserved. Other such phenotypically silent substitutions are described by Bowie and coworkers (supra) and the references cited therein. Typically seen as conservative substitutions are the replacements, one for another, among the aliphatic amino acids Ala, Val, Leu and Ile; interchange of the hydroxyl residues Ser and Thr, exchange of the acidic residues Asp and Glu, substitution between the amide residues Asn and Gln, exchange of the basic residues Lys and Arg and replacements among the aromatic residues Phe, Tyr.

Thus, the fragment, derivative or analog of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, or that encoded by the deposited cDNA, may be (i) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues are substituted with a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue (preferably a conserved amino acid residue) and such substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent group, or (iii) one in which the mature polypeptide is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol), or (iv) one in which the extracellular domain of the polypeptide is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol), or (v) one in which the additional amino acids are fused to the above form of the polypeptide, such as an IgG Fc fusion region peptide or leader or secretory sequence or a sequence which is employed for purification of the above form of the polypeptide or a proprotein sequence. Such fragments, derivatives and analogs are deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.

Thus, the IL17RLP of the present invention may include one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions, either from natural mutations or human manipulation. As indicated, changes are preferably of a minor nature, such as conservative amino acid substitutions that do not significantly affect the folding or activity of the protein (see Table II).

TABLE II Conservative Amino Acid Substitutions. Aromatic Phenylalanine Tryptophan Tyrosine Hydrophobic Leucine Isoleucine Valine Polar Glutamine Asparagine Basic Arginine Lysine Histidine Acidic Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid Small Alanine Serine Threonine Methionine Glycine

Embodiments of the invention are directed to polypeptides which comprise the amino acid sequence of an IL17RLP polypeptide descrubed hereub, but having an amino acid sequence which contains at least one conservative amino acid substitution, but not more than 50 conservative amino acid substitutions, even more preferably, not more than 40 conservative amino acid substitutions, still more preferably, not more than 30 conservative amino acid substitutions, and still even more preferably, not more than 20 conservative amino acid substitutions, when compared with the follistatin-3 polynucleotide sequence described herein. Of course, in order of ever-increasing preference, it is highly preferable for a peptide or polypeptide to have an amino acid sequence which comprises the amino acid sequence of an IL17RLP polypeptide, which contains at least one, but not more than 20, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 conservative amino acid substitutions.

In further specific embodiments, the number of substitutions, additions or deletions in the amino acid sequence of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:2), a polypeptide sequence encoded by the deposited clones, and/or any of the polypeptide fragments described herein is 150, 100, 75, 70, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 250-150, 200-50, 150-50, 100-50, 50-20, 30-20, 20-15, 20-10, 15-10, 10-1, 5-10, 1-5, 1-3 or 1-2.

To improve or alter the characteristics of IL17RLP polypeptides, protein engineering may be employed. Recombinant DNA technology known to those skilled in the art can be used to create novel mutant proteins or muteins including single or multiple amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions or fusion proteins. Such modified polypeptides can show, e.g., enhanced activity or increased stability. In addition, they may be purified in higher yields and show better solubility than the corresponding natural polypeptide, at least under certain purification and storage conditions.

Thus, the invention also encompasses IL17RLP derivatives and analogs that have one or more amino acid residues deleted, added, or substituted to generate IL17RLP polypeptides that are better suited for expression, scale up, etc., in the host cells chosen. For example, cysteine residues can be deleted or substituted with another amino acid residue in order to eliminate disulfide bridges, PKC phosphorylation sites, CK2 phosphorylation sites, cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites, myristolation, and/or N-linked glycosylation sites can be altered or eliminated to acheive an alterred function or expression pattern of the polypeptide (for example, a mutated N-linked glycosylation site may alter the expression of a homogeneous product that is more easily recovered and purified from yeast hosts which are known to hyperglycosylate N-linked sites). To this end, a variety of amino acid substitutions at one or both of the first or third amino acid positions on any one or more of the disulfide bridge cysteines, PKC phosphorylation sites, CK2 phosphorylation sites, cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites, myristolation, and/or glycosylation recognition sequences in the IL17RLP polypeptides of the invention, and/or an amino acid deletion at the second position of any one or more such recognition sequences will alter function or expression or prevent glycosylation of the IL17RLP polypeptide at the modified tripeptide sequence (see, e.g., Miyajima, A., et al., EMBO J. 5(6):1193-1197 (1986)).

Amino acids in the IL17RLP protein of the present invention that are essential for function can be identified by methods known in the art, such as site-directed mutagenesis or alanine-scanning mutagenesis (Cunningham and Wells,Science 244:1081-1085 (1989)). The latter procedure introduces single alanine mutations at every residue in the molecule. The resulting mutant molecules are then tested for biological activity such as receptor binding or in vitro proliferative activity.

Of special interest are substitutions of charged amino acids with other charged or neutral amino acids which may produce proteins with highly desirable improved characteristics, such as less aggregation. Aggregation may not only reduce activity but also be problematic when preparing pharmaceutical formulations, because aggregates can be immunogenic (Pinckard, et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2:331-340 (1967); Robbins, et al., Diabetes 36:838-845 (1987); Cleland, et al., Crit. Rev. Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 10:307-377 (1993)).

Replacement of amino acids can also change the selectivity of the binding of a ligand to cell surface receptors (for example, Ostade, et al., Nature 361:266-268 (1993)) describes certain mutations resulting in selective binding of TNF-α to only one of the two known types of TNF receptors. Sites that are critical for ligand-receptor binding can also be determined by structural analysis such as crystallization, nuclear magnetic resonance or photoaffinity labeling (Smith, et al., J. Mol. Biol. 224:899-904 (1992); de Vos, et al. Science 255:306-312 (1992)).

Since IL17RLP is a homologue of the murine IL-17 receptor protein, to modulate rather than completely eliminate biological activities of IL17RLP preferably mutations are made in sequences encoding amino acids in the IL17RLP conserved extracellular domain, i.e., in positions 1-271 of SEQ ID NO:2, more preferably in residues within this region which are not conserved in the murine IL-17 receptor protein. Also forming part of the present invention are isolated polynucleotides comprising nucleic acid sequences which encode the above IL17RLP mutants.

Amino acid regions of the IL17RLP sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 which are highly conserved when compared to the murine IL-17R polypeptide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:3 (see FIG. 2) are attractive regions for targeted mutagenesis of the IL17RLP polypeptides of the invention. In fact, a number of conserved regions or domains have been set forth in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (labeled as Domains I-VIII). These domains are as follows: Domain I (i.e., Vai-49 through Leu-62 of SEQ ID NO:2 (Val-68 through Leu-81 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain II (Cys-154 through Thr-166 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Cys-173 through Thr-185 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain III (Gln-202 through Gln-208 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Gln-221 through Gln-227 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain IV (Asp-241 through Val-249 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Asp-260 through Val-268 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain V (Thr-255 through Leu-261 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Thr-274 through Leu-280 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); DomainVI (Leu-310 through Tyr-319 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Leu-329 through Tyr-338 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); Domain VII (Cys-340 through Leu-346 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Cys-359 through Leu-365 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)); and Domain VIII (Ile-354 through Gly-358 of SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., Ile-373 through Gly-377 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C)).

In another embodiment of the invention, seven cysteine residues of IL17RLP are conserved with respect to the murine IL-17R polypeptide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3. Cysteine residues tend to play an important role in the structural conformation, and thus, the function of a polypeptide. As such, the seven conserved cysteine residues are also attractive residues for targeted mutagenesis of the IL17RLP polypeptides of the invention. The seven highly conserved cysteine residues of the IL17RLP shown in SEQ ID NO:2 of the present invention are as follows: Cys-5, Cys-80, Cys-143, Cys-154, Cys-238, Cys-242, and Cys-340 of SEQ ID NO:2 (which correspond exactly to Cys-24, Cys-99, Cys-162, Cys-173, Cys-257, Cys-261, and Cys-359 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C).

The polypeptides of the present invention are preferably provided in an isolated form, and preferably are substantially purified. A recombinantly produced version of the IL17RLP polypeptide can be substantially purified by the one-step method described by Smith and Johnson (Gene 67:31-40 (1988)). Polypeptides of the invention also can be purified from natural or recombinant sources using anti-IL17RLP antibodies of the invention in methods which are well known in the art of protein purification.

The invention further provides an isolated IL17RLP polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) the amino acid sequence of the full-length IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions −19 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (b) the amino acid sequence of the full-length IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 excepting the N-terminal methionine (i.e., positions −18 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (c) the amino acid sequence of the mature IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 407 of SEQ ID NO:2); (d) the amino acid sequence of the predicted extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide having the complete amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 (i.e., positions 1 to 271 of SEQ ID NO:2); (e) the amino acid sequence of a soluble IL17RLP polypeptide having the predicted extracellular and intracellular domains, but lacking the predicted transmembrane domain; (f) the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the human cDNA contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (g) the complete amino acid sequence excepting the N-terminal methionine encoded by the human cDNA contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (h) the complete amino acid sequence of the mature IL17RLP encoded by the human cDNA contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198, and; (i) the complete amino acid sequence of the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP encoded by the human cDNA contained in the ATCC Deposit No. 209198. The polypeptides of the present invention also include polypeptides having an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical, more preferably at least 90% identical, and still more preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to those described in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) or (i) above, as well as polypeptides having an amino acid sequence with at least 90% similarity, and more preferably at least 95% similarity, to those above.

Further polypeptides of the present invention include polypeptides which have at least 90% similarity, more preferably at least 95% similarity, and still more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% similarity to those described above. The polypeptides of the invention also comprise those which are at least 80% identical, more preferably at least 90% or 95% identical, still more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to the polypeptide encoded by the deposited cDNA or to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, and also include portions of such polypeptides with at least 30 amino acids and more preferably at least 50 amino acids.

By “% similarity” for two polypeptides is intended a similarity score produced by comparing the amino acid sequences of the two polypeptides using the Bestfit program (Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package, Version 8 for Unix, Genetics Computer Group, University Research Park, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis. 53711) and the default settings for determining similarity. Bestfit uses the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman (Advances in Applied Mathematics 2:482-489, 1981) to find the best segment of similarity between two sequences.

By a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence at least, for example, 95% “identical” to a reference amino acid sequence of a IL17RLP polypeptide is intended that the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is identical to the reference sequence except that the polypeptide sequence may include up to five amino acid alterations per each 100 amino acids of the reference amino acid of the IL17RLP polypeptide. In other words, to obtain a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a reference amino acid sequence, up to 5% of the amino acid residues in the reference sequence may be deleted or substituted with another amino acid, or a number of amino acids up to 5% of the total amino acid residues in the reference sequence may be inserted into the reference sequence. These alterations of the reference sequence may occur at the amino or carboxy terminal positions of the reference amino acid sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among residues in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence.

As a practical matter, whether any particular polypeptide is at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to, for instance, the amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:2), the amino acid sequence encoded by deposited cDNA clone HAPOR40, or fragments thereof, can be determined conventionally using known computer programs such the Bestfit program (Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package, Version 8 for Unix, Genetics Computer Group, University Research Park, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis. 53711). When using Bestfit or any other sequence alignment program to determine whether a particular sequence is, for instance, 95% identical to a reference sequence according to the present invention, the parameters are set, of course, such that the percentage of identity is calculated over the full length of the reference amino acid sequence and that gaps in homology of up to 5% of the total number of amino acid residues in the reference sequence are allowed.

In a specific embodiment, the identity between a reference (query) sequence (a sequence of the present invention) and a subject sequence, also referred to as a global sequence alignment, is determined using the FASTDB computer program based on the algorithm of Brutlag et al. (Comp. App. Biosci. 6:237-245 (1990)). Preferred parameters used in a FASTDB amino acid alignment are: Matrix=PAM 0, k-tuple=2, Mismatch Penalty=1, Joining Penalty=20, Randomization Group Length=0, Cutoff Score=1, Window Size=sequence length, Gap Penalty=5, Gap Size Penalty=0.05, Window Size=500 or the length of the subject amino acid sequence, whichever is shorter. According to this embodiment, if the subject sequence is shorter than the query sequence due to N- or C-terminal deletions, not because of internal deletions, a manual correction is made to the results to take into consideration the fact that the FASTDB program does not account for N- and C-terminal truncations of the subject sequence when calculating global percent identity. For subject sequences truncated at the N- and C-termini, relative to the query sequence, the percent identity is corrected by calculating the number of residues of the query sequence that are N- and C-terminal of the subject sequence, which are not matched/aligned with a corresponding subject residue, as a percent of the total bases of the query sequence. A determination of whether a residue is matched/aligned is determined by results of the FASTDB sequence alignment. This percentage is then subtracted from the percent identity, calculated by the above FASTDB program using the specified parameters, to arrive at a final percent identity score. This final percent identity score is what is used for the purposes of this embodiment. Only residues to the N- and C-termini of the subject sequence, which are not matched/aligned with the query sequence, are considered for the purposes of manually adjusting the percent identity score. That is, only query residue positions outside the farthest N- and C-terminal residues of the subject sequence. For example, a 90 amino acid residue subject sequence is aligned with a 100 residue query sequence to determine percent identity. The deletion occurs at the N-terminus of the subject sequence and therefore, the FASTDB alignment does not show a matching/alignment of the first 10 residues at the N-terminus. The 10 unpaired residues represent 10% of the sequence (number of residues at the N- and C-termini not matched/total number of residues in the query sequence) so 10% is subtracted from the percent identity score calculated by the FASTDB program. If the remaining 90 residues were perfectly matched the final percent identity would be 90%. In another example, a 90 residue subject sequence is compared with a 100 residue query sequence. This time the deletions are internal deletions so there are no residues at the N- or C-termini of the subject sequence which are not matched/aligned with the query. In this case the percent identity calculated by FASTDB is not manually corrected. Once again, only residue positions outside the N- and C-terminal ends of the subject sequence, as displayed in the FASTDB alignment, which are not matched/aligned with the query sequence are manually corrected for. No other manual corrections are made for the purposes of this embodiment.

The invention also encompasses fusion proteins in which the full-length IL17RLP polypeptide or fragment, variant, derivative, or analog thereof is fused or joined to an unrelated protein. These fusion proteins can be routinely designed on the basis of the IL17RLP nucleotide and polypeptide sequences disclosed herein. For example, as one of skill in the art will appreciate, IL17RLP polypeptides and fragments (including epitope-bearing fragments) thereof described herein can be combined with parts of the constant domain of immunoglobulins (IgG), resulting in chimeric (fusion) polypeptides. These fusion proteins facilitate purification and show an increased half-life in vivo. This has been shown, e.g., for chimeric proteins consisting of the first two domains of the human CD4-polypeptide and various domains of the constant regions of the heavy or light chains of mamrnalian immunoglobulins (EP A 394,827; Traunecker, et al., Nature 331:84-86 (1988)). Fusion proteins that have a disulfide-linked dimeric structure due to the IgG part can also be more efficient in binding and neutralizing other molecules than the monomeric IL17RLP polypeptide or polypeptide fragments alone (Fountoulakis, et al., J. Biochem. 270:3958-3964 (1995)). Examples of IL17RLP fusion proteins that are encompassed by the invention include, but are not limited to, fusion of the IL17RLP polypeptide sequences to any amino acid sequence that allows the fusion proteins to be displayed on the cell surface (e.g. the IgG Fc domain); or fusions to an enzyme, fluorescent protein, or luminescent protein which provides a marker function.

As described in detail below, the polypeptides of the present invention can also be used to raise polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, which are useful in assays for detecting IL17RLP protein expression as described below or as agonists and antagonists capable of enhancing or inhibiting IL17RLP protein function. Further, such polypeptides can be used in the yeast two-hybrid system to “capture” IL17RLP protein binding proteins which are also candidate agonists and antagonists according to the present invention. The yeast two hybrid system is described by Fields and Song (Nature 340:245-246 (1989)).

Epitope-Bearing Portions

In another aspect, the invention provides a peptide or polypeptide comprising an epitope-bearing portion of a polypeptide of the invention. The epitope of this polypeptide portion is an immunogenic or antigenic epitope of a polypeptide of the invention. An “immunogenic epitope” is defined as a part of a protein that elicits an antibody response when the whole protein is the immunogen. On the other hand, a region of a protein molecule to which an antibody can bind is defined as an “antigenic epitope.” The number of immunogenic epitopes of a protein generally is less than the number of antigenic epitopes (see, for instance, Geysen, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 81:3998-4002 (1983)).

As to the selection of peptides or polypeptides bearing an antigenic epitope (i.e., that contain a region of a protein molecule to which an antibody can bind), it is well known in that art that relatively short synthetic peptides that mimic part of a protein sequence are routinely capable of eliciting an antiserum that reacts with the partially mimicked protein (see, for instance, Sutcliffe, J. G., et al., Science 219:660-666 (1983)). Peptides capable of eliciting protein-reactive sera are frequently represented in the primary sequence of a protein, can be characterized by a set of simple chemical rules, and are confined neither to immunodominant regions of intact proteins (i.e., immunogenic epitopes) nor to the amino or carboxyl terminals. Antigenic epitope-bearing peptides and polypeptides of the invention are therefore useful to raise antibodies, including monoclonal antibodies, that bind specifically to a polypeptide of the invention (see, for instance, Wilson, et al., Cell 37:767-778 (1984)).

Antigenic epitope-bearing peptides and polypeptides of the invention preferably contain a sequence of at least seven, more preferably at least nine and most preferably between about 15 to about 30 amino acids contained within the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide of the invention. Non-limiting examples of antigenic polypeptides or peptides that can be used to generate IL17RLP-specific antibodies include: a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Ser-14 to about Val-22 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Cys-24 to about Pro-32 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Ile-41 to about Arg-49 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Thr-89 to about Val-97 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Thr-11O to about Lys-118 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Ala-144 to about Ser-152 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Thr-240 to about Val-248 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Gly-258 to about Thr-267 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Leu-280 to about Gly-288 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Cys-404 to about Glu-412 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Pro-415 to about Ser-423 in SEQ ID NO:2, a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Gly-409 to about Glu-417 in SEQ ID NO:2, and a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues from about Cys-404 to about Leu-426 in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (which is identical to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 with the exception of the numbering scheme as detailed above). These polypeptide fragments have been determined to bear antigenic epitopes of the IL17RLP protein by the analysis of the Jameson-Wolf antigenic index, as shown in FIG. 3, above.

The epitope-bearing peptides and polypeptides of the invention may be produced by any conventional means (see, for example, Houghten, R. A., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:5131-5135 (1985); and U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,211 to Houghten, et al. (1986)).

Epitope-bearing peptides and polypeptides of the invention are used to induce antibodies according to methods well known in the art (see, for instance, Sutcliffe, et al., supra; Wilson, et al., supra; Chow, M., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:910-914; and Bittle F. J. et al., J. Gen. Virol. 66:2347-2354 (1985)). Immunnogenic epitope-bearing peptides of the invention, i.e., thse parts of a protein that elicit an antibody response when the whole protein is the immunogen, are identified according to methods known in the art (see, for instance, Geysen, describes a general supra). Further still, U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,392, issued to Geysen, describes a general method of detecting or determining the sequence of monomers (amino acids or other compounds) which is a topological equivalent of the epitope (i.e., “mimotope”) which is complementary to a particular paratope (antigen binding site) of an antibody of interest. More generally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,092, issued to Geysen, describes a method of detecting or determining a sequence of monomers which is a topographical equivalent of a ligand which is complementary to the ligand binding site of a particuler receptor of interest. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,480,971, issued to Houghten and colleagues, on Peralkylated Oligopeptide Mixtures discloses linear C1-C7-alkyl peralkylated oligopeptides and sets and libraries of such peptides, as well as methods for using such oligopeptides sets and libraries for determining the sequence of a peralkylated oligopeptide that preferentialy binds to an acceptor molocule of interest. Thus, non-peptide analogs of the epitope-bearing peptides of the invention also can be made routinely by these methods.

Fusion Proteins

As one of skill in the art will appreciate, IL17RLP polypeptides of the present invnetion and the epitope-bearing fragments thereof described above can be combined with parts of the constant domain of immunoglobulins (IgG), resulting in chimeric polypeptides. These fusion proteins facilitate purification and show an increased half-life in vivo. This has been shown, e.g., for chimeric proteins consisting of the first two domains of the human CD4-polypeptide and various domains of the constant regions of the heavy or light chains of mammalian immunoglobulins (EP A 394,827; Traunecker, et al., Nature 331:84-86 (1988)). Fusion proteins that have a disulfide-linked dimeric structure due to the IgG part can also be more efficient in binding and neutralizing other molecules than the monomeric IL17RLP protein or protein fragment alone (Fountoulakis, et al., J. Biochem. 270:3958-3964 (1995)).

Antibodies

IL17RLP protein-specific antibodies for use in the present invention can be raised against the intact IL17RLP protein or an antigenic polypeptide fragment thereof, which may be presented together with a carrier protein, such as an albumin, to an animal system (such as rabbit or mouse) or, if it is long enough (at least about 25 amino acids), without a carrier.

As used herein, the term “antibody” (Ab) or “monoclonal antibody” (Mab) is meant to include intact molecules as well as antibody fragments (such as, for example, Fab and F(ab′)2 fragments) which are capable of specifically binding to IL17RLP protein. Fab and F(ab′)2 fragments lack the Fc fragment of intact antibody, clear more rapidly from the circulation, and may have less non-specific tissue binding of an intact antibody (Wahl, et al., J. Nucl. Med. 24:316-325 (1983)). Thus, these fragments are preferred.

The antibodies of the present invention may be prepared by any of a variety of methods. For example, cells expressing the IL17RLP protein or an antigenic fragment thereof can be administered to an animal in order to induce the production of sera containing polyclonal antibodies. In a preferred method, a preparation of IL17RLP protein is prepared and purified to render it substantially free of natural contaminants. Such a preparation is then introduced into an animal in order to produce polyclonal antisera of greater specific activity.

In the most preferred method, the antibodies of the present invention are monoclonal antibodies (or IL17RLP protein binding fragments thereof). Such monoclonal antibodies can be prepared using hybridoma technology (Kohler, et al., Nature 256:495 (1975); Kohler, et al., Eur. J Immunol. 6:511 (1976); Kohler, et al., Eur. J Immunol. 6:292 (1976); Hammerling, et al., in: Monoclonal Antibodies and T-Cell Hybridomas, Elsevier, N.Y., (1981) pp. 563-681)). In general, such procedures involve immunizing an animal (preferably a mouse) with a IL17RLP protein antigen or, more preferably, with a IL17RLP protein-expressing cell. Suitable cells can be recognized by their capacity to bind anti-IL17RLP protein antibody. Such cells may be cultured in any suitable tissue culture medium; however, it is preferable to culture cells in Earle's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (inactivated at about 56° C.), and supplemented with about 10 μg/l of nonessential amino acids, about 1,000 U/ml of penicillin, and about 100 μg/ml of streptomycin. The splenocytes of such mice are extracted and fused with a suitable myeloma cell line. Any suitable myeloma cell line may be employed in accordance with the present invention; however, it is preferable to employ the parent myeloma cell line (SP20), available from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md. After fusion, the resulting hybridoma cells are selectively maintained in HAT medium, and then cloned by limiting dilution as described by Wands and colleagues (Gastroenterology 80:225-232 (1981)). The hybridoma cells obtained through such a selection are then assayed to identify clones which secrete antibodies capable of binding the IL17RLP protein antigen.

Alternatively, additional antibodies capable of binding to the IL17RLP protein antigen may be produced in a two-step procedure through the use of anti-idiotypic antibodies. Such a method makes use of the fact that antibodies are themselves antigens, and that, therefore, it is possible to obtain an antibody which binds to a second antibody. In accordance with this method, IL17RLP protein-specific antibodies are used to immunize an animal, preferably a mouse. The splenocytes of such an animal are then used to produce hybridoma cells, and the hybridoma cells are screened to identify clones which produce an antibody whose ability to bind to the IL17RLP protein-specific antibody can be blocked by the IL17RLP protein antigen. Such antibodies comprise anti-idiotypic antibodies to the IL17RLP protein-specific antibody and can be used to immunize an animal to induce formation of further IL17RLP protein-specific antibodies.

It will be appreciated that Fab and F(ab′)2 and other fragments of the antibodies of the present invention may be used according to the methods disclosed herein. Such fragments are typically produced by proteolytic cleavage, using enzymes such as papain (to produce Fab fragments) or pepsin (to produce F(ab′)2 fragments). Alternatively, IL17RLP protein-binding fragments can be produced through the application of recombinant DNA technology or through synthetic chemistry.

For in vivo use of anti-IL17RLP in humans, it may be preferable to use “humanized” chimeric monoclonal antibodies. Such antibodies can be produced using genetic constructs derived from hybridoma cells producing the monoclonal antibodies described above. Methods for producing chimeric antibodies are known in the art (Morrison, Science 229:1202 (1985); Oi, et al., BioTechniques 4:214 (1986); Cabilly, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; Taniguchi, et al., EP 171496; Morrison, et al., EP 173494; Neuberger, et al., WO 8601533; Robinson, et al., WO 8702671; Boulianne, et al., Nature 312:643 (1984); Neuberger, et al., Nature 314:268 (1985).

Immune System-Related Disorders

Diagnosis

The present inventors have discovered that IL17RLP is expressed in adult pulmonary tissue. For a number of immune system-related disorders, substantially altered (increased or decreased) levels of IL17RLP gene expression can be detected in immune system tissue or other cells or bodily fluids (e.g., sera, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to a “standard” IL17RLP gene expression level, that is, the IL17RLP expression level in immune system tissues or bodily fluids from an individual not having the immune system disorder. Thus, the invention provides a diagnostic method useful during diagnosis of an immune system disorder, which involves measuring the expression level of the gene encoding the IL17RLP protein in immune system tissue or other cells or body fluid from an individual and comparing the measured gene expression level with a standard IL17RLP gene expression level, whereby an increase or decrease in the gene expression level compared to the standard is indicative of an immune system disorder.

In particular, it is believed that certain tissues in mammals with cancer of the immune system express significantly enhanced levels of the IL17RLP protein and mRNA encoding the IL17RLP protein when compared to a corresponding “standard” level. Further, it is believed that enhanced levels of the IL17RLP protein can be detected in certain body fluids (e.g., sera, plasma, urine, and spinal fluid) from mammals with such a cancer when compared to sera from mammals of the same species not having the cancer.

Thus, the invention provides a diagnostic method useful during diagnosis of an immune system disorder, including cancers of this system, which involves measuring the expression level of the gene encoding the IL17RLP protein in immune system tissue or other cells or body fluid from an individual and comparing the measured gene expression level with a standard IL17RLP gene expression level, whereby an increase or decrease in the gene expression level compared to the standard is indicative of an immune system disorder.

Where a diagnosis of a disorder in the immune system including diagnosis of a tumor, has already been made according to conventional methods, the present invention is useful as a prognostic indicator, whereby patients exhibiting enhanced IL17RLP gene expression will experience a worse clinical outcome relative to patients expressing the gene at a level nearer the standard level.

By “assaying the expression level of the gene encoding the IL17RLP protein” is intended qualitatively or quantitatively measuring or estimating the level of the IL17RLP protein or the level of the mRNA encoding the IL17RLP protein in a first biological sample either directly (e.g., by determining or estimating absolute protein level or mRNA level) or relatively (e.g., by comparing to the IL17RLP protein level or mRNA level in a second biological sample). Preferably, the IL17RLP protein level or mRNA level in the first biological sample is measured or estimated and compared to a standard IL17RLP protein level or mRNA level, the standard being taken from a second biological sample obtained from an individual not having the disorder or being determined by averaging levels from a population of individuals not having a disorder of the immune system. As will be appreciated in the art, once a standard IL17RLP protein level or mRNA level is known, it can be used repeatedly as a standard for comparison.

By “biological sample” is intended any biological sample obtained from an individual, body fluid, cell line, tissue culture, or other source which contains IL17RLP protein or mRNA. As indicated, biological samples include body fluids (such as sera, plasma, urine, synovial fluid and spinal fluid) which contain free extracellular domains of IL17RLP protein, immune system tissue, and other tissue sources found to express complete, mature or extracellular domain of the IL17RLP. Methods for obtaining tissue biopsies and body fluids from mammals are well known in the art. Where the biological sample is to include mRNA, a tissue biopsy is the preferred source.

The present invention is useful for diagnosis or treatment of various immune system-related disorders in mammals, preferably humans. Such disorders include tumors, cancers, interstitial lung disease (such as Langerhans cell granulomatosis), and any disregulation of immune cell function including, but not limited to, autoimmunity, arthritis, leukemias, lymphomas, immunosuppression, immunity, humoral immunity, inflammatory bowel disease, myelo suppression, and the like.

Total cellular RNA can be isolated from a biological sample using any suitable technique such as the single-step guanidinium-thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method described by Chomczynski and Sacchi (Anal. Biochem. 162:156-159 (1987)). Levels of mRNA encoding the IL17RLP protein are then assayed using any appropriate method. These include Northern blot analysis, SI nuclease mapping, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription in combination with the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and reverse transcription in combination with the ligase chain reaction (RT-LCR).

Assaying IL17RLP protein levels in a biological sample can occur using antibody-based techniques. For example, IL17RLP protein expression in tissues can be studied with classical immunohistological methods (Jalkanen, M., et al., J. Cell. Biol. 101:976-985 (1985); Jalkanen, M., et al., J. Cell. Biol. 105:3087-3096 (1987)). Other antibody-based methods useful for detecting IL17RLP protein gene expression include immunoassays, such as the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the radioimmunoassay (RIA). Suitable antibody assay labels are known in the art and include enzyme labels, such as, glucose oxidase, and radioisotopes, such as iodine (¹²⁵I, ¹²¹I), carbon (¹⁴C), sulfur (³⁵s), tritium (³H), indium (¹¹²In), and technetium (^(99m)Tc), and fluorescent labels, such as fluorescein and rhodamine, and biotin.

In addition to assaying IL17RLP protein levels in a biological sample obtained from an individual, IL17RLP protein can also be detected in vivo by imaging. Antibody labels or markers for in vivo imaging of IL17RLP protein include those detectable by X-radiography, NMR or ESR. For X-radiography, suitable labels include radioisotopes such as barium or cesium, which emit detectable radiation but are not overtly harmful to the subject. Suitable markers for NMR and ESR include those with a detectable characteristic spin, such as deuterium, which may be incorporated into the antibody by labeling of nutrients for the relevant hybridoma.

A IL17RLP protein-specific antibody or antibody fragment which has been labeled with an appropriate detectable imaging moiety, such as a radioisotope (for example, ¹³¹I, ¹¹²In, ^(99m)Tc), a radio-opaque substance, or a material detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance, is introduced (for example, parenterally, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally) into the mammal to be examined for immune system disorder. It will be understood in the art that the size of the subject and the imaging system used will determine the quantity of imaging moiety needed to produce diagnostic images. In the case of a radioisotope moiety, for a human subject, the quantity of radioactivity injected will normally range from about 5 to 20 millicuries of ^(99m)Tc. The labeled antibody or antibody fragment will then preferentially accumulate at the location of cells which contain IL17RLP protein. In vivo tumor imaging is described by Burchiel and coworkers (Chapter 13 in Tumor Imaging: The Radiochemical Detection of Cancer, Burchiel, S. W. and Rhodes, B. A., eds., Masson Publishing Inc. (1982)).

Treatment

As noted above, IL17RLP polynucleotides and polypeptides are useful for diagnosis of conditions involving abnormally high or low expression of IL17RLP activities. Given the cells and tissues where IL17RLP is expressed as well as the activities modulated by IL17RLP, it is readily apparent that a substantially altered (increased or decreased) level of expression of IL17RLP in an individual compared to the standard or “normal” level produces pathological conditions related to the bodily system(s) in which IL17RLP is expressed and/or is active.

It will also be appreciated by one of ordinary skill that, since the IL17RLP protein of the invention is a member of the interleukin (IL)-17 receptor family, the extracellular domain of the protein may be released in soluble form from the cells which express the IL17RLP by proteolytic cleavage. Therefore, when IL17RLP soluble extracellular domain is added from an exogenous source to cells, tissues or the body of an individual, the protein will exert its physiological activities on its target cells of that individual. Also, cells expressing this transmembrane protein may be added to cells, tissues or the body of an individual and these added cells will bind to cells expressing IL17RLP, whereby the cells expressing IL17RLP can cause actions (e.g. cell stimulation) on the ligand-bearing target cells.

Therefore, it will be appreciated that conditions caused by a decrease in the standard or normal level of IL17RLP activity in an individual, particularly disorders of the immune system, can be treated by administration of IL17RLP polypeptide (in the form of a soluble extracellular domain or cells expressing the complete protein). Thus, the invention also provides a method of treatment of an individual in need of an increased level of IL17RLP activity comprising administering to such an individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of an isolated IL17RLP polypeptide of the invention, particularly an extracellular domain of the IL17RLP protein of the invention, effective to increase the IL17RLP activity level in such an individual.

Since IL17RLP is a novel homologue of the recently described IL-17 receptor, it will have a wide range of cytokine receptor-like activities. IL17RLP, or agonists of IL17RLP, may be employed to enhance host defenses against resistant chronic and acute infections, for example, mycobacterial infections via the attraction and activation of microbicidal leukocytes. IL17RLP may also be employed to increase T-cell proliferation by the stimulation of IL-2 biosynthesis for the treatment of T-cell mediated auto-immune diseases and lymphocytic leukemias. IL17RLP may also be employed to regulate hematopoiesis, by regulating the activation and differentiation of various hematopoietic progenitor cells, for example, to release mature leukocytes from the bone marrow following chemotherapy, i.e., in stem cell mobilization. IL17RLP may also be employed to treat sepsis. Soluble IL17RLP extracellular domains may be used as antagonists for IL17RLP activity, and, as such, will be useful therapeutically, as a mechanism to regulate the activity of endogenous IL17RLP. Also, stimulation of IL17RLP strongly induces IL-6 expression. IL-6 is a potent growth factor for myelomas, plasmacytomas, and hybridomas and is involved in the growth of Lennert's Lymphoma T-cells. As a result, IL17RLP agonists and soluble IL17RLP extracellular domains may be used in the treatment of such cancers, analogous disease states, and others known to those of skill in the art.

Formulations

The IL17RLP polypeptide composition will be formulated and dosed in a fashion consistent with good medical practice, taking into account the clinical condition of the individual patient (especially the side effects of treatment with IL17RLP polypeptide alone), the site of delivery of the IL17RLP polypeptide composition, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to practitioners. The “effective amount” of IL17RLP polypeptide for purposes herein is thus determined by such considerations.

As a general proposition, the total pharmaceutically effective amount of IL17RLP polypeptide administered parenterally per dose will be in the range of about 1 μg/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day of patient body weight, although, as noted above, this will be subject to therapeutic discretion. More preferably, this dose is at least 0.01 mg/kg/day, and most preferably for humans between about 0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day for the hormone. If given continuously, the IL17RLP polypeptide is typically administered at a dose rate of about 1 μg/kg/hour to about 50 μg/kg/hour, either by 1-4 injections per day or by continuous subcutaneous infusions, for example, using a mini-pump. An intravenous bag solution may also be employed. The length of treatment needed to observe changes and the interval following treatment for responses to occur appears to vary depending on the desired effect.

Pharmaceutical compositions containing the IL17RLP of the invention may be administered orally, rectally, parenterally, intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, drops or transdermal patch), bucally, or as an oral or nasal spray. By “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” is meant a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type. The term “parenteral” as used herein refers to modes of administration which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous and intraarticular injection and infusion.

The IL17RLP polypeptide is also suitably administered by sustained-release systems. Suitable examples of sustained-release compositions include semi-permeable polymer matrices in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or mirocapsules. Sustained-release matrices include polylactides (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman, U., et al., Biopolymers 22:547-556 (1983)), poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; Langer, R., et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 15:167-277 (1981), and Langer, R., Chem. Tech. 12:98-105 (1982)), ethylene vinyl acetate (Langer, R., et al., Id.) or poly-D-(−)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (EP 133,988). Sustained-release IL17RLP polypeptide compositions also include liposomally entrapped IL17RLP polypeptide. Liposomes containing IL17RLP polypeptide are prepared by methods known in the art (DE 3,218,121; Epstein, etal., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 82:3688-3692 (1985); Hwang, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. (USA) 77:4030-4034 (1980); EP 52,322; EP 36,676; EP 88,046; EP 143,949; EP 142,641; Japanese Pat. Appl. 83-118008; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,485,045 and 4,544,545; and EP 102,324). Ordinarily, the liposomes are of the small (about 200-800 Angstroms) unilamellar type in which the lipid content is greater than about 30 mol. percent cholesterol, the selected proportion being adjusted for the optimal IL17RLP polypeptide therapy.

For parenteral administration, in one embodiment, the IL17RLP polypeptide is formulated generally by mixing it at the desired degree of purity, in a unit dosage injectable form (solution, suspension, or emulsion), with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, i.e., one that is non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with other ingredients of the formulation. For example, the formulation preferably does not include oxidizing agents and other compounds that are known to be deleterious to polypeptides.

Generally, the formulations are prepared by contacting the IL17RLP polypeptide uniformly and intimately with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both. Then, if necessary, the product is shaped into the desired formulation. Preferably the carrier is a parenteral carrier, more preferably a solution that is isotonic with the blood of the recipient. Examples of such carrier vehicles include water, saline, Ringer's solution, and dextrose solution. Non-aqueous vehicles such as fixed oils and ethyl oleate are also useful herein, as well as liposomes.

The carrier suitably contains minor amounts of additives such as substances that enhance isotonicity and chemical stability. Such materials are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, succinate, acetic acid, and other organic acids or their salts; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) polypeptides, e.g., polyarginine or tripeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids, such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, manose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as polysorbates, poloxamers, or PEG.

The IL17RLP polypeptide is typically formulated in such vehicles at a concentration of about 0.1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml, preferably 1-10 mg/ml, at a pH of about 3 to 8. It will be understood that the use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of IL17RLP polypeptide salts.

IL17RLP polypeptide to be used for therapeutic administration must be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes (e.g., 0.2 micron membranes). Therapeutic IL17RLP polypeptide compositions generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.

IL17RLP polypeptide ordinarily will be stored in unit or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules or vials, as an aqueous solution or as a lyophilized formulation for reconstitution. As an example of a lyophilized formulation, 10-ml vials are filled with 5 ml of sterile-filtered 1% (w/v) aqueous IL17RLP polypeptide solution, and the resulting mixture is lyophilized. The infusion solution is prepared by reconstituting the lyophilized IL17RLP polypeptide using bacteriostatic water-for-injection (WFI).

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. Associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration. In addition, the polypeptides of the present invention may be employed in conjunction with other therapeutic compounds.

Agonists and Antagonists—Assays and Molecules

The invention also provides a method of screening compounds to identify those which enhance or block the action of IL17RLP on cells, such as its interaction with IL17RLP-binding molecules such as ligand molecules. An agonist is a compound which increases the natural biological functions of IL17RLP or which functions in a manner similar to IL17RLP, while antagonists decrease or eliminate such functions.

In another aspect of this embodiment the invention provides a method for identifying a ligand protein which binds specifically to a IL17RLP polypeptide. For example, a cellular compartment, such as a membrane or a preparation thereof, may be prepared from a cell that expresses a molecule that binds IL17RLP. The preparation is incubated with labeled IL17RLP and complexes of IL17RLP bound to the ligand or other binding protein are isolated and characterized according to routine methods known in the art. Alternatively, the IL17RLP polypeptide may be bound to a solid support so that binding molecules solubilized from cells are bound to the column and then eluted and characterized according to routine methods.

In the assay of the invention for agonists or antagonists, a cellular compartment, such as a membrane or a preparation thereof, may be prepared from a cell that expresses a molecule that binds IL17RLP, such as a molecule of a signaling or regulatory pathway modulated by IL17RLP. The preparation is incubated with labeled IL17RLP in the absence or the presence of a candidate molecule which may be a IL17RLP agonist or antagonist. The ability of the candidate molecule to bind the binding molecule is reflected in decreased binding of the labeled ligand. Molecules which bind gratuitously, i.e., without inducing the effects of IL17RLP on binding the IL17RLP binding molecule, are most likely to be good antagonists. Molecules that bind well and elicit effects that are the same as or closely related to IL17RLP are agonists.

IL17RLP-like effects of potential agonists and antagonists may by measured, for instance, by determining activity of a second messenger system following interaction of the candidate molecule with a cell or appropriate cell preparation, and comparing the effect with that of IL17RLP or molecules that elicit the same effects as IL17RLP. Second messenger systems that may be useful in this regard include but are not limited to AMP guanylate cyclase, ion channel or phosphoinositide hydrolysis second messenger systems.

Another example of an assay for IL17RLP antagonists is a competitive assay that combines an IL17RLP ligand and a potential antagonist with membrane-bound IL17RLP receptor molecules or recombinant IL17RLP receptor molecules under appropriate conditions for a competitive inhibition assay. The IL17RLP ligand can be labeled, such as by radioactivity, such that the number of IL17RLP ligand molecules bound to a receptor molecule can be determined accurately to assess the effectiveness of the potential antagonist.

Potential antagonists include small organic molecules, peptides, polypeptides and antibodies that bind to a polypeptide of the invention and thereby inhibit or extinguish its activity. Potential antagonists also may be small organic molecules, a peptide, a polypeptide such as a closely related protein or antibody that binds the same sites on a binding molecule, without inducing IL17RLP-induced activities, thereby preventing the action of IL17RLP by excluding the IL17RLP ligand from binding.

Other potential antagonists include antisense molecules. Antisense technology can be used to control gene expression through antisense DNA or RNA or through triple-helix formation. Antisense techniques are discussed in a number of studies (for example, Okano, J. Neurochem. 56:560 (1991); “Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors of Gene Expression.” CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1988)). Triple helix formation is discussed in a number of studies, as well (for instance, Lee, et al., Nucleic Acids Research 6:3073 (1979); Cooney, et al., Science 241:456 (1988); Dervan, et al., Science 251:1360 (1991)). The methods are based on binding of a polynucleotide to a complementary DNA or RNA. For example, the 5′ coding portion of a polynucleotide that encodes the mature polypeptide of the present invention may be used to design an antisense RNA oligonucleotide of from about 10 to 40 base pairs in length. A DNA oligonucleotide is designed to be complementary to a region of the gene involved in transcription thereby preventing transcription and the production of IL17RLP. The antisense RNA oligonucleotide hybridizes to the mRNA in vivo and blocks translation of the mRNA molecule into IL17RLP polypeptide. The oligonucleotides described above can also be delivered to cells such that the antisense RNA or DNA may be expressed in vivo to inhibit production of IL17RLP protein.

The agonists and antagonists may be employed in a composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, e.g., as described above.

The antagonists may be employed for instance to inhibit the activation of macrophages and their precursors, and of neutrophils, basophils, B lymphocytes and some T-cell subsets, e.g., activated and CD8 cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, in certain auto-immune and chronic inflammatory and infective diseases. Examples of auto-immune diseases include multiple sclerosis, and insulin-dependent diabetes. The antagonists may also be employed to treat infectious diseases including silicosis, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by preventing the activation of mononuclear phagocytes. They may also be employed to treat idiopathic hyper-eosinophilic syndrome by preventing eosinophil production. Antagonists may also be employed to treat rheumatoid arthritis by preventing the activation of monocytes in the synovial fluid in the joints of patients. Monocyte activation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of both degenerative and inflammatory arthropathies. The antagonists may be employed to interfere with the deleterious cascades attributed primarily to IL-1 and TNF, which prevents the biosynthesis of other inflammatory cytokines. In this way, the antagonists may be employed to prevent inflammation. Antibodies against IL17RLP may be employed to bind to and inhibit IL17RLP activity to treat such conditions described above. Any of the above antagonists may be employed in a composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, e.g., as hereinafter described.

Gene Mapping

The nucleic acid molecules of the present invention are also valuable for chromosome identification. The sequence is specifically targeted to and can hybridize with a particular location on an individual human chromosome. Moreover, there is a current need for identifying particular sites on the chromosome. Few chromosome marking reagents based on actual sequence data (repeat polymorphisms) are presently available for marking chromosomal location. The mapping of DNAs to chromosomes according to the present invention is an important first step in correlating those sequences with genes associated with disease.

In certain preferred embodiments in this regard, the cDNA herein disclosed is used to clone genomic DNA of a IL17RLP protein gene. This can be accomplished using a variety of well known techniques and libraries, which generally are available commercially. The genomic DNA then is used for in situ chromosome mapping using well known techniques for this purpose.

In addition, in some cases, sequences can be mapped to chromosomes by preparing PCR primers (preferably 15-25 bp) from the cDNA. Computer analysis of the 3′ untranslated region of the gene is used to rapidly select primers that do not span more than one exon in the genomic DNA, thus complicating the amplification process. These primers are then used for PCR screening of somatic cell hybrids containing individual human chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (“FISH”) of a cDNA clone to a metaphase chromosomal spread can be used to provide a precise chromosomal location in one step. This technique can be used with probes from the cDNA as short as 50 or 60 bp (for a review of this technique, see Verma, et al., Human Chromosomes: A Manual Of Basic Techniques, Pergamon Press, New York (1988)).

Once a sequence has been mapped to a precise chromosomal location, the physical position of the sequence on the chromosome can be correlated with genetic map data. Such data are found, for example, on the World Wide Web (McKusick, V. Mendelian Inheritance In Man, available on-line through Johns Hopkins University, Welch Medical Library). The relationship between genes and diseases that have been mapped to the same chromosomal region are then identified through linkage analysis (coinheritance of physically adjacent genes).

Next, it is necessary to determine the differences in the cDNA or genomic sequence between affected and unaffected individuals. If a mutation is observed in some or all of the affected individuals but not in any normal individuals, then the mutation is likely to be the causative agent of the disease.

Having generally described the invention, the same will be more readily understood by reference to the following examples, which are provided by way of illustration and are not intended as limiting.

EXAMPLES Example 1(a) Expression and Purification of “His-tagged” IL17RLP in E. coli

The bacterial expression vector pQE9 (pD10) is used for bacterial expression in this example. (QIAGEN, Inc., 9259 Eton Avenue, Chatsworth, Calif., 91311). pQE9 encodes ampicillin antibiotic resistance (“Ampr”) and contains a bacterial origin of replication (“ori”), an IPTG inducible promoter, a ribosome binding site (“RBS”), six codons encoding histidine residues that allow affinity purification using nickel-nitrilo-tri-acetic acid (“Ni-NTA”) affinity resin sold by QIAGEN, Inc., supra, and suitable single restriction enzyme cleavage sites. These elements are arranged such that an inserted DNA fragment encoding a polypeptide expresses that polypeptide with the six His residues (i.e., a “6×His tag”) covalently linked to the amino terminus of that polypeptide.

The DNA sequence encoding the desired portion of the IL17RLP protein comprising the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP amino acid sequence is amplified from the deposited cDNA clone using PCR oligonucleotide primers which anneal to the amino terminal sequences of the desired portion of the IL17RLP protein and to sequences in the deposited construct 3′ to the cDNA coding sequence. Additional nucleotides containing restriction sites to facilitate cloning in the pQE9 vector are added to the 5′ and 3′ primer sequences, respectively. For cloning the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP protein, the 5′ primer has the sequence 5° CGC CCA TGG CCG ACC GTT CAA TGT GGC TCT GAA AC 3′ (SEQ ID NO:6) containing the underlined Nco 1 restriction site followed by 26 nucleotides of the amino terminal coding sequence of the mature IL17RLP sequence in SEQ ID NO:2. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, of course, that the point in the protein coding sequence where the 5′ primer begins may be varied to amplify a DNA segment encoding any desired portion of the complete IL17RLP protein shorter or longer than the extracellular domain of the protein. The 3′ primer has the sequence 5° CGC AAG CTT CCA GCC TCC CGG CTT GC 3′ (SEQ ID NO:7) containing the underlined Hind III restriction site followed by 17 nucleotides complementary to the 3′ end of the coding sequence of the IL17RLP DNA sequence in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

The amplified IL17RLP DNA fragment and the vector pQE9 are digested with Nco 1 and Hind III and the digested DNAs are then ligated together. Insertion of the IL17RLP DNA into the restricted pQE9 vector places the IL17RLP protein coding region downstream from the IPTG-inducible promoter and in-frame with an initiating AUG and the six histidine codons.

The ligation mixture is transformed into competent E. coli cells using standard procedures such as those described by Sambrook and colleagues (Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989)). E. coli strain M15/rep4, containing multiple copies of the plasmid pREP4, which expresses the lac repressor and confers kanamycin resistance (“Kanr”), is used in carrying out the illustrative example described herein. This strain, which is only one of many that are suitable for expressing IL17RLP protein, is available commercially (QIAGEN, Inc., supra). Transformants are identified by their ability to grow on LB plates in the presence of ampicillin and kanamycin. Plasmid DNA is isolated from resistant colonies and the identity of the cloned DNA confirmed by restriction analysis, PCR and DNA sequencing.

Clones containing the desired constructs are grown overnight (“O/N”) in liquid culture in LB media supplemented with both ampicillin (100 μg/ml) and kanamycin (25 μg/ml). The ON culture is used to inoculate a large culture, at a dilution of approximately 1:25 to 1:250. The cells are grown to an optical density at 600 nm (“OD600”) of between 0.4 and 0.6. Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (“IPTG”) is then added to a final concentration of 1 mM to induce transcription from the lac repressor sensitive promoter, by inactivating the lacl repressor. Cells subsequently are incubated further for 3 to 4 hours. Cells then are harvested by centrifugation.

The cells are then stirred for 3-4 hours at 4° C. in 6M guanidine-HCl, pH 8. The cell debris is removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant containing the IL17RLP is loaded onto a nickel-nitrilo-tri-acetic acid (“Ni-NTA”) affinity resin column (QIAGEN, Inc., supra). Proteins with a 6×His tag bind to the Ni-NTA resin with high affinity and can be purified in a simple one-step procedure (for details see: The QIAexpressionist, 1995, QIAGEN, Inc., supra). Briefly the supernatant is loaded onto the column in 6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 8, the column is first washed with 10 volumes of 6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 8, then washed with 10 volumes of 6 M guanidine-HCl pH 6, and finally the IL17RLP is eluted with 6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 5.

The purified protein is then renatured by dialyzing it against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 50 mM Na-acetate, pH 6 buffer plus 200 mM NaCl. Alternatively, the protein can be successfully refolded while immobilized on the Ni-NTA column. The recommended conditions are as follows: renature using a linear 6M−1M urea gradient in 500 mM NaCl, 20% glycerol, 20 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4, containing protease inhibitors. The renaturation should be performed over a period of 1.5 hours or more. After renaturation the proteins can be eluted by the addition of 250 mM immidazole. Immidazole is removed by a final dialyzing step against PBS or 50 mM sodium acetate pH 6 buffer plus 200 mM NaCl. The purified protein is stored at 4° C. or frozen at −80° C.

The following alternative method may be used to purify IL17RLP expressed in E coli when it is present in the form of inclusion bodies. Unless otherwise specified, all of the following steps are conducted at 4-10° C.

Upon completion of the production phase of the E. coli fermentation, the cell culture is cooled to 4-10° C. and the cells are harvested by continuous centrifugation at 15,000 rpm (Heraeus Sepatech). On the basis of the expected yield of protein per unit weight of cell paste and the amount of purified protein required, an appropriate amount of cell paste, by weight, is suspended in a buffer solution containing 100 mM Tris, 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.4. The cells are dispersed to a homogeneous suspension using a high shear mixer.

The cells ware then lysed by passing the solution through a microfluidizer (Microfuidics, Corp. or APV Gaulin, Inc.) twice at 4000-6000 psi. The homogenate is then mixed with NaCl solution to a final concentration of 0.5 M NaCl, followed by centrifugation at 7000×g for 15 min. The resultant pellet is washed again using 0.5M NaCl, 100 mM Tris, 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.4.

The resulting washed inclusion bodies are solubilized with 1.5 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) for 2-4 hours. After 7000×g centrifugation for 15 min., the pellet is discarded and the IL17RLP polypeptide-containing supernatant is incubated at 4° C. overnight to allow further GuHCl extraction.

Following high speed centrifugation (30,000×g) to remove insoluble particles, the GuHCl solubilized protein is refolded by quickly mixing the GuHCl extract with 20 volumes of buffer containing 50 mM sodium, pH 4.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA by vigorous stirring. The refolded diluted protein solution is kept at 4° C. without mixing for 12 hours prior to further purification steps.

To clarify the refolded IL17RLP polypeptide solution, a previously prepared tangential filtration unit equipped with 0.16 μm membrane filter with appropriate surface area (e.g., Filtron), equilibrated with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 is employed. The filtered sample is loaded onto a cation exchange resin (e.g., Poros HS-50, Perseptive Biosystems). The column is washed with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 and eluted with 250 mM, 500 mM, 1000 mM, and 1500 mM NaCl in the same buffer, in a stepwise manner. The absorbance at 280 mm of the effluent is continuously monitored. Fractions are collected and further analyzed by SDS-PAGE.

Fractions containing the IL17RLP polypeptide are then pooled and mixed with 4 volumes of water. The diluted sample is then loaded onto a previously prepared set of tandem columns of strong anion (Poros HQ-50, Perseptive Biosystems) and weak anion (Poros CM-20, Perseptive Biosystems) exchange resins. The columns are equilibrated with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0. Both columns are washed with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0, 200 mM NaCl. The CM-20 column is then eluted using a 10 column volume linear gradient ranging from 0.2 M NaCl, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 to 1.0 M NaCl, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.5. Fractions are collected under constant A₂₈₀ monitoring of the effluent. Fractions containing the IL17RLP polypeptide (determined, for instance, by 16% SDS-PAGE) are then pooled.

The resultant IL17RLP polypeptide exhibits greater than 95% purity after the above refolding and purification steps. No major contaminant bands are observed from Commassie blue stained 16% SDS-PAGE gel when 5 μg of purified protein is loaded. The purified protein is also tested for endotoxin/LPS contamination, and typically the LPS content is less than 0.1 ng/ml according to LAL assays.

Example 2 Cloning and Expression of IL17RLP Protein in a Baculovirus Expression System

In this illustrative example, the plasmid shuttle vector pA2 is used to insert the cloned DNA encoding complete protein, including its naturally associated secretory signal (leader) sequence, into a baculovirus to express the mature IL17RLP protein, using standard methods as described by Summers and colleagues (A Manual of Methods for Baculovirus Vectors and Insect Cell Culture Procedures, Texas Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin No. 1555 (1987)). This expression vector contains the strong polyhedrin promoter of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) followed by convenient restriction sites such as Bam HI, Xba 1 and Asp 718. The polyadenylation site of the simian virus 40 (“SV40”) is used for efficient polyadenylation. For easy selection of recombinant virus, the plasmid contains the beta-galactosidase gene from E. coli under control of a weak Drosophila promoter in the same orientation, followed by the polyadenylation signal of the polyhedrin gene. The inserted genes are flanked on both sides by viral sequences for cell-mediated homologous recombination with wild-type viral DNA to generate a viable virus that express the cloned polynucleotide.

Many other baculovirus vectors could be used in place of the vector above, such as pAc373, pVL941 and pAcIM1, as one skilled in the art would readily appreciate, as long as the construct provides appropriately located signals for transcription, translation, secretion and the like, including a signal peptide and an in-frame AUG as required. Such vectors are described, for instance, by Luckow and coworkers (Virology 170:31-39 (1989)). The cDNA sequence encoding the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP protein in the deposited clone, including the AUG initiation codon and the naturally associated leader sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, is amplified using PCR oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5′ and 3′ sequences of the gene. The 5′ primer has the sequence 5′ CGC GGA TCC ATG TCG CTC GTG CTG CTA AGC CTG G3′ (SEQ ID NO:8) containing the underlined Bam HI restriction enzyme site, an efficient signal for initiation of translation in eukaryotic cells (Kozak, M., J. Mol. Biol. 196:947-950 (1987)), followed by 25 of nucleotides of the sequence of the complete IL17RLP protein shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C, beginning with the AUG initiation codon. The 3′ primer has the sequence 5° CGC GGT ACC CCA GCC TCC CGG CTT GC 3′ (SEQ ID NO:9) containing the underlined Asp 718 restriction site followed by 17 nucleotides complementary to the 3′ noncoding sequence in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

The amplified fragment is isolated from a 1% agarose gel using a commercially available kit (“Geneclean,” BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Calif.). The fragment then is digested with Bam HI and Asp 718 and again is purified on a 1% agarose gel. This fragment is designated herein F1.

The plasmid is digested with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Asp 718 and optionally, can be dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphatase, using routine procedures known in the art. The DNA is then isolated from a 1% agarose gel using a commercially available kit (“Geneclean” BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Calif.). This vector DNA is designated herein “V1”.

Fragment F1 and the dephosphorylated plasmid V1 are ligated together with T4 DNA ligase. E coli HB101 or other suitable E. coli hosts such as XL-1 Blue (Statagene Cloning Systems, La Jolla, Calif.) cells are transformed with the ligation mixture and spread on culture plates. Bacteria are identified that contain the plasmid with the human IL17RLP gene by digesting DNA from individual colonies using Bam HI and Asp 718 and then analyzing the digestion product by gel electrophoresis. The sequence of the cloned fragment is confirmed by DNA sequencing. This plasmid is designated herein pA2IL17RLP.

Five μg of the plasmid pA2IL17RLP is co-transfected with 1.0 μg of a commercially available linearized baculovirus DNA (“BaculoGold™ baculovirus DNA”, Pharmingen, San Diego, Calif.), using the lipofection method described by Felgner and colleaguew (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7413-7417 (1987)). One μg of BaculoGold™ virus DNA and 5 μg of the plasmid pA2IL17RLP are mixed in a sterile well of a microtiter plate containing 50 μl of serum-free Grace's medium (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.). Afterwards, 10 μl Lipofectin plus 90 μl Grace's medium are added, mixed and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. Then the transfection mixture is added drop-wise to Sf9 insect cells (ATCC CRL 1711) seeded in a 35 mm tissue culture plate with 1 ml Grace's medium without serum. The plate is then incubated for 5 hours at 27° C. The transfection solution is then removed from the plate and 1 ml of Grace's insect medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum is added. Cultivation is then continued at 27° C. for four days.

After four days the supernatant is collected and a plaque assay is performed, as described by Summers and Smith (supra). An agarose gel with “Blue Gal” (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg) is used to allow easy identification and isolation of gal-expressing clones, which produce blue-stained plaques. (A detailed description of a “plaque assay” of this type can also be found in the user's guide for insect cell culture and baculovirology distributed by Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, page 9-10). After appropriate incubation, blue stained plaques are picked with the tip of a micropipettor (e.g., Eppendorf). The agar containing the recombinant viruses is then resuspended in a microcentrifuge tube containing 200 μl of Grace's medium and the suspension containing the recombinant baculovirus is used to infect Sf9 cells seeded in 35 mm dishes. Four days later the supernatants of these culture dishes are harvested and then they are stored at 4° C. The recombinant virus is called V-IL17RLP.

To verify the expression of the IL17RLP gene Sf9 cells are grown in Grace's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS. The cells are infected with the recombinant baculovirus V-IL17RLP at a multiplicity of infection (“MOI”) of about 2. If radiolabeled proteins are desired, 6 hours later the medium is removed and is replaced with SF900 II medium minus methionine and cysteine (available from Life Technologies Inc., Rockville, Md.). After 42 hours, 5 μCi of ³⁵S-methionine and 5 μCi ³⁵S-cysteine (available from Amersham) are added. The cells are further incubated for 16 hours and then are harvested by centrifugation. The proteins in the supernatant as well as the intracellular proteins are analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography (if radiolabeled).

Microsequencing of the amino acid sequence of the amino terminus of purified protein may be used to determine the amino terminal sequence of the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP protein, and thus the cleavage point and length of the naturally associated secretory signal peptide.

Example 3 Cloning and Expression of IL17RLP in Mammalian Cells

A typical mammalian expression vector contains the promoter element, which mediates the initiation of transcription of mRNA, the protein coding sequence, and signals required for the termination of transcription and polyadenylation of the transcript. Additional elements include enhancers, Kozak sequences and intervening sequences flanked by donor and acceptor sites for RNA splicing. Highly efficient transcription can be achieved with the early and late promoters from SV40, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) from Retroviruses, e.g., RSV, HTLVI, HIVI and the early promoter of the cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, cellular elements can also be used (e.g., the human actin promoter). Suitable expression vectors for use in practicing the present invention include, for example, vectors such as pSVL and pMSG (Phannacia, Uppsala, Sweden), pRSVcat (ATCC 37152), pSV2dhfr (ATCC 37146) and pBC12MI (ATCC 67109). Mammalian host cells that could be used include, human Hela, 293, H9 and Jurkat cells, mouse NIH3T3 and C127 cells, Cos 1, Cos 7 and CV1, quail QC1-3 cells, mouse L cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

Alternatively, the gene can be expressed in stable cell lines that contain the gene integrated into a chromosome. The co-transfection with a selectable marker such as dhfr, gpt, neomycin, hygromycin allows the identification and isolation of the transfected cells.

The transfected gene can also be amplified to express large amounts of the encoded protein. The DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) marker is useful to develop cell lines that carry several hundred or even several thousand copies of the gene of interest. Another useful selection marker is the enzyme glutamine synthase (GS; Murphy, el al., Biochem J. 227:277-279 (1991); Bebbington, et al., Bio/Technology 10:169-175 (1992)). Using these markers, the mammalian cells are grown in selective medium and the cells with the highest resistance are selected. These cell lines contain the amplified gene(s) integrated into a chromosome. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and NSO cells are often used for the production of proteins.

The expression vectors pC1 and pC4 contain the strong promoter (LTR) of the Rous Sarcoma Virus (Cullen, et al., Mol. Cel. Biol. 5:438-447 (1985)) plus a fragment of the CMV-enhancer (Boshart, et al., Cell 41:521-530 (1985)). Multiple cloning sites, e.g., with the restriction enzyme cleavage sites Bam HI, Xba I and Asp 718, facilitate the cloning of the gene of interest. The vectors contain in addition the 3′ intron, the polyadenylation and termination signal of the rat preproinsulin gene.

Example 3(a) Cloning and Expression in COS Cells

The expression plasmid, pIL17RLPHA, is made by cloning a portion of the cDNA encoding the extracelluar domain of the IL17RLP protein into the expression vector pcDNAI/Amp or pcDNAIII (which can be obtained from Invitrogen, Inc.).

The expression vector pcDNAI/amp contains: (1) an E coli origin of replication effective for propagation in E. coli and other prokaryotic cells; (2) an ampicillin resistance gene for selection of plasmid-containing prokaryotic cells; (3) an SV40 origin of replication for propagation in eukaryotic cells; (4) a CMV promoter, a polylinker, an SV40 intron; (5) several codons encoding a hemagglutinin fragment (i.e., an “HA” tag to facilitate purification) followed by a termination codon and polyadenylation signal arranged so that a cDNA can be conveniently placed under expression control of the CMV promoter and operably linked to the SV40 intron and the polyadenylation signal by means of restriction sites in the polylinker. The HA tag corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein described by Wilson and colleagues (Cell 37:767 (1984)). The fusion of the HA tag to the target protein allows easy detection and recovery of the recombinant protein with an antibody that recognizes the HA epitope. pcDNAIII contains, in addition, the selectable neomycin marker.

A DNA fragment encoding the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide is cloned into the polylinker region of the vector so that recombinant protein expression is directed by the CMV promoter. The plasmid construction strategy is as follows. The IL17RLP cDNA of the deposited clone is amplified using primers that contain convenient restriction sites, much as described above for construction of vectors for expression of IL17RLP in E. coli. Suitable primers include the following, which are used in this example. The 5′ primer, containing the underlined Bam Hi site, a Kozak sequence, an AUG start codon, and 25 nucleotides of the 5′ coding region of the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide, has the following sequence: 5′ GCC GGA TCC GCC ACC ATG AAC TCC TTC TCC ACA AGC GCC TTC GGT CCA GTT GCC TTC TCC CTG GGG CTG CTC CTG GTG TTG CCT GCT GCC TTC CCT GCC CCA GTA TGT CGC TCG TGC TGC TAA GCC TGG 3′ (SEQ ID NO:10). The 3′ primer, containing the underlined Asp 718 and 17 of nucleotides complementary to the 3′ coding sequence immediately before the stop codon, has the following sequence: 5′ GGC CGG GTA CCC CAG CCT CCC GGC TTG C 3′ (SEQ ID NO:11).

The PCR amplified DNA fragment and the vector, pcDNAI/Amp, are digested with Bam HI and Asp 718 and then ligated. The ligation mixture is transformed into E. coli strain SURE (Stratagene Cloning Systems, La Jolla, Calif. 92037), and the transformed culture is plated on ampicillin media plates which then are incubated to allow growth of ampicillin resistant colonies. Plasmid DNA is isolated from resistant colonies and examined by restriction analysis or other means for the presence of the fragment encoding the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide For expression of recombinant IL17RLP, COS cells are transfected with an expression vector, as described above, using DEAE-dextran, as described, for instance, by Sambrook and coworkers (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989)). Cells are incubated under conditions for expression of IL17RLP by the vector.

Expression of the IL17RLP-HA fusion protein is detected by radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation, using methods described in, for example Harlow and colleagues (Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1988)). To this end, two days after transfection, the cells are labeled by incubation in media containing ³⁵S-cysteine for 8 hours. The cells and the media are collected, and the cells are washed and the lysed with detergent-containing RIPA buffer: 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.1% SDS, 1% NP-40, 0.5% DOC, 50 mM TRIS, pH 7.5, as described by Wilson and colleagues (supra). Proteins are precipitated from the cell lysate and from the culture media using an HA-specific monoclonal antibody. The precipitated proteins then are analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. An expression product of the expected size is seen in the cell lysate, which is not seen in negative controls.

Example 3(b) Cloning and Expression in CHO Cells

The vector pC4 is used for the expression of IL17RLP polypeptide. Plasmid pC4 is a derivative of the plasmid pSV2-dhfr (ATCC Accession No. 37146). The plasmid contains the mouse DHFR gene under control of the SV40 early promoter. Chinese hamster ovary- or other cells lacking dihydrofolate activity that are transfected with these plasmids can be selected by growing the cells in a selective medium (alpha minus MEM, Life Technologies) supplemented with the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate. The amplification of the DHFR genes in cells resistant to methotrexate (MTX) has been well documented (see, e.g., Alt, F. W., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 253:1357-1370 (1978); Hamlin, J. L. and Ma, C. Biochem. et Biophys. Acta, 1097:107-143 (1990); Page, M. J. and Sydenham, M. A. Biotechnology 9:64-68 (1991)). Cells grown in increasing concentrations of MTX develop resistance to the drug by overproducing the target enzyme, DHFR, as a result of amplification of the DHFR gene. If a second gene is linked to the DHFR gene, it is usually co-amplified and over-expressed. It is known in the art that this approach may be used to develop cell lines carrying more than 1,000 copies of the amplified gene(s). Subsequently, when the methotrexate is withdrawn, cell lines are obtained which contain the amplified gene integrated into one or more chromosome(s) of the host cell.

Plasmid pC4 contains for expressing the gene of interest the strong promoter of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the Rouse Sarcoma Virus (Cullen, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:438-447 (1985)) plus a fragment isolated from the enhancer of the immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV; Boshart, et al., Cell 41:521-530 (1985)). Downstream of the promoter are the following single restriction enzyme cleavage sites that allow the integration of the genes: Bam HI, Mba I, and Asp 718. Behind these cloning sites the plasmid contains the 3′ intron and polyadenylation site of the rat preproinsulin gene. Other high efficiency promoters can also be used for the expression, e.g., the human 13-actin promoter, the SV40 early or late promoters or the long terminal repeats from other retroviruses, e.g., HIV and HTLVI. Clontech's Tet-Off and Tet-On gene expression systems and similar systems, can be used to express the IL17RLP polypeptide in a regulated way in mammalian cells (Gossen, M., and Bujard, H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5547-5551 (1992)). For the polyadenylation of the mRNA other signals, e.g., from the human growth hormone or globin genes can be used as well. Stable cell lines carrying a gene of interest integrated into the chromosomes can also be selected upon co-transfection with a selectable marker such as gpt, G418 or hygromycin. It is advantageous to use more than one selectable marker in the beginning, e.g., G418 plus methotrexate.

The plasmid pC4 is digested with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Asp 718 and then dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphates by procedures known in the art. The vector is then isolated from a 1% agarose gel.

The DNA sequence encoding the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide is amplified using PCR oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5′ and 3′ sequences of the desired portion of the gene. The 5′ primer containing the underlined Bam HI site, a Kozak sequence, an AUG start codon, and 25 nucleotides of the 5′ coding region of the extracellular domain of the IL17RLP polypeptide, has the following sequence: 5° CTA GCC GGA TCC GCC ACC ATG TCG CTC GTG CTG CTA AGC CTG G 3′ (SEQ ID NO:12). The 3′ primer, containing the underlined Asp 718 and 17 of nucleotides complementary to the 3′ coding sequence immediately before the stop codon as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C (SEQ ID NO:1), has the following sequence: 5′ GGC CGG GTA CCC CAG CCT CCC GGC TTG C 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 13).

The amplified fragment is digested with the endonucleases Bam HI and Asp 718 and then purified again on a 1% agarose gel. The isolated fragment and the dephosphorylated vector are then ligated with T4 DNA ligase. E. coli HB101 or XL-1 Blue cells are then transformed and bacteria are identified that contain the fragment inserted into plasmid pC4 using, for instance, restriction enzyme analysis.

Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking an active DHFR gene are used for transfection. Five gg of the expression plasmid pC4 is cotransfected with 0.5 μg of the plasmid pSVneo using lipofectin (Felgner, et al., supra). The plasmid pSV2-neo contains a dominant selectable marker, the neo gene from Tn5 encoding an enzyme that confers resistance to a group of antibiotics including G418. The cells are seeded in alpha minus MEM supplemented with 1 mg/ml G418. After 2 days, the cells are trypsinized and seeded in hybridoma cloning plates (Greiner, Germany) in alpha minus MEM supplemented with 10, 25, or 50 ng/ml of metothrexate plus 1 mg/ml G418. After about 10-14 days single clones are trypsinized and then seeded in 6-well petri dishes or 10 ml flasks using different concentrations of methotrexate (50 nM, 100 nM, 200 nM, 400 nM, 800 nM). Clones growing at the highest concentrations of methotrexate are then transferred to new 6-well plates containing even higher concentrations of methotrexate (1 μM, 2 μM, 5 μM, 10 mM, 20 mM). The same procedure is repeated until clones are obtained which grow at a concentration of 100-200 μM. Expression of the desired gene product is analyzed, for instance, by SDS-PAGE and Western blot or by reversed phase HPLC analysis.

Example 4 Tissue Distribution of IL17RLP mRNA Expression

Northern blot analysis is carried out to examine IL17RLP gene expression in human tissues, using methods described by, among others, Sambrook and colleagues (supra). A cDNA probe containing the entire nucleotide sequence of the IL17RLP protein (SEQ ID NO:1) is labeled with ³²P using the rediprime™ DNA labeling system (Amersham Life Science), according to manufacturer's instructions. After labeling, the probe is purified using a CHROMA SPIN-100™ column (Clontech Laboratories, Inc.), according to manufacturer's protocol number PT1200-1. The purified labeled probe is then used to examine various human tissues for IL17RLP mRNA.

Multiple Tissue Northern (MTN) blots containing various human tissues (H) or human immune system tissues (IM) are obtained from Clontech and are examined with the labeled probe using ExpressHyb™ hybridization solution (Clontech) according to manufacturer's protocol number PT1190-1. Following hybridization and washing, the blots are mounted and exposed to film at −70° C. overnight, and films developed according to standard procedures.

It will be clear that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as particularly described in the foregoing description and examples. Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and, therefore, are within the scope of the appended claims.

The entire disclosure of all publications (including patents, patent applications, journal articles, laboratory manuals, books, or other documents) cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

Further, the Sequence Listing submitted herewith, and the Sequence Listing submitted with U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/059,133, filed on Sep. 17, 1997 (to which the present application claims benefit of the filing date under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e)), in both computer and paper forms are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

13 1 1816 DNA Homo sapiens CDS (10)..(1287) mat_peptide (67)..(1287) sig_peptide (10)..(66) 1 gcacgagcg atg tcg ctc gtg ctg cta agc ctg gcc gcg ctg tgc agg agc 51 Met Ser Leu Val Leu Leu Ser Leu Ala Ala Leu Cys Arg Ser -15 -10 gcc gta ccc cga gag ccg acc gtt caa tgt ggc tct gaa act ggg cca 99 Ala Val Pro Arg Glu Pro Thr Val Gln Cys Gly Ser Glu Thr Gly Pro -5 -1 1 5 10 tct cca gag tgg atg cta caa cat gat cta atc ccc gga gac ttg agg 147 Ser Pro Glu Trp Met Leu Gln His Asp Leu Ile Pro Gly Asp Leu Arg 15 20 25 gac ctc cga gta gaa cct gtt aca act agt gtt gca aca ggg gac tat 195 Asp Leu Arg Val Glu Pro Val Thr Thr Ser Val Ala Thr Gly Asp Tyr 30 35 40 tca att ttg atg aat gta agc tgg gta ctc cgg gca gat gcc agc atc 243 Ser Ile Leu Met Asn Val Ser Trp Val Leu Arg Ala Asp Ala Ser Ile 45 50 55 cgc ttg ttg aag gcc acc aag att tgt gtg acg ggc aaa agc aac ttc 291 Arg Leu Leu Lys Ala Thr Lys Ile Cys Val Thr Gly Lys Ser Asn Phe 60 65 70 75 cag tcc tac agc tgt gtg agg tgc aat tac aca gag gcc ttc cag act 339 Gln Ser Tyr Ser Cys Val Arg Cys Asn Tyr Thr Glu Ala Phe Gln Thr 80 85 90 cag acc aga ccc tct ggt ggt aaa tgg aca ttt tcc tac atc ggc ttc 387 Gln Thr Arg Pro Ser Gly Gly Lys Trp Thr Phe Ser Tyr Ile Gly Phe 95 100 105 cct gta gag ctg aac aca gtc tat ttc att ggg gcc cat aat att cct 435 Pro Val Glu Leu Asn Thr Val Tyr Phe Ile Gly Ala His Asn Ile Pro 110 115 120 aat gca aat atg aat gaa gat ggc cct tcc atg tct gtg aat ttc acc 483 Asn Ala Asn Met Asn Glu Asp Gly Pro Ser Met Ser Val Asn Phe Thr 125 130 135 tca cca ggc tgc cta gac cac ata atg aaa tat aaa aaa aag tgt gtc 531 Ser Pro Gly Cys Leu Asp His Ile Met Lys Tyr Lys Lys Lys Cys Val 140 145 150 155 aag gcc gga agc ctg tgg gat ccg aac atc act gct tgt aag aag aat 579 Lys Ala Gly Ser Leu Trp Asp Pro Asn Ile Thr Ala Cys Lys Lys Asn 160 165 170 gag gag aca gta gaa gtg aac ttc aca acc act ccc ctg gga aac aga 627 Glu Glu Thr Val Glu Val Asn Phe Thr Thr Thr Pro Leu Gly Asn Arg 175 180 185 tac atg gct ctt atc caa cac agc act atc atc ggg ttt tct cag gtg 675 Tyr Met Ala Leu Ile Gln His Ser Thr Ile Ile Gly Phe Ser Gln Val 190 195 200 ttt gag cca cac cag aag aaa caa acg cga gct tca gtg gtg att cca 723 Phe Glu Pro His Gln Lys Lys Gln Thr Arg Ala Ser Val Val Ile Pro 205 210 215 gtg act ggg gat agt gaa ggt gct acg gtg cag ctg act cca tat ttt 771 Val Thr Gly Asp Ser Glu Gly Ala Thr Val Gln Leu Thr Pro Tyr Phe 220 225 230 235 cct act tgt ggc agc gac tgc atc cga cat aaa gga aca gtt gtg ctc 819 Pro Thr Cys Gly Ser Asp Cys Ile Arg His Lys Gly Thr Val Val Leu 240 245 250 tgc cca caa aca ggc gtc cct ttc cct ctg gat aac aac aaa agc aag 867 Cys Pro Gln Thr Gly Val Pro Phe Pro Leu Asp Asn Asn Lys Ser Lys 255 260 265 ccg gga ggc tgg ctg cct ctc ctc ctg ctg tct ctg ctg gtg gcc aca 915 Pro Gly Gly Trp Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Thr 270 275 280 tgg gtg ctg gtg gca ggg atc tat cta atg tgg agg cac gaa agg atc 963 Trp Val Leu Val Ala Gly Ile Tyr Leu Met Trp Arg His Glu Arg Ile 285 290 295 aag aag act tcc ttt tct acc acc aca cta ctg ccc ccc att aag gtt 1011 Lys Lys Thr Ser Phe Ser Thr Thr Thr Leu Leu Pro Pro Ile Lys Val 300 305 310 315 ctt gtg gtt tac cca tct gaa ata tgt ttc cat cac aca att tgt tac 1059 Leu Val Val Tyr Pro Ser Glu Ile Cys Phe His His Thr Ile Cys Tyr 320 325 330 ttc act gaa ttt ctt caa aac cat tgc aga agt gag gtc atc ctt gaa 1107 Phe Thr Glu Phe Leu Gln Asn His Cys Arg Ser Glu Val Ile Leu Glu 335 340 345 aag tgg cag aaa aag aaa ata gca gag atg ggt cca gtg cag tgg ctt 1155 Lys Trp Gln Lys Lys Lys Ile Ala Glu Met Gly Pro Val Gln Trp Leu 350 355 360 gcc act caa aag aag gca gca gac aaa gtc gtc ttc ctt ctt tcc aat 1203 Ala Thr Gln Lys Lys Ala Ala Asp Lys Val Val Phe Leu Leu Ser Asn 365 370 375 gac gtc aac agt gtg tgc gat ggt acc tgt ggc aag agc gag ggc agt 1251 Asp Val Asn Ser Val Cys Asp Gly Thr Cys Gly Lys Ser Glu Gly Ser 380 385 390 395 ccc agt gag aac tct caa gac tct tcc cct tgc ctt taaccttttc 1297 Pro Ser Glu Asn Ser Gln Asp Ser Ser Pro Cys Leu 400 405 tgcagtgatc taagaagcca gattcatctg cacaaatacg tggtggtcta ctttagagag 1357 attgatacaa aagacgatta caatgctctc agtgtctgcc ccaagtacca cctcatgaag 1417 gatgccactg ctttctgtgc agaacttctc catgtcaagt agcaggtgtc agcaggaaaa 1477 agatcacaag cctgccacga tggctgctgc tccttgtagc ccacccatga gaagcaagwg 1537 accttaaagg cttcctatcc caccaattac agggaaaaaa cgtgtgatga tcctgaagct 1597 tactatgcag cctacaaaca gccttagtaa ttaaaacatt ttataccaat aaaattttca 1657 aatattgcta actaatgtag cattaactaa cgattggaaa ctacatttac aacttcaaag 1717 ctgttttata catagaaatc aattacagtt ttaattgaaa actataacca ttttgataat 1777 gcaacaataa agcatcttca gccaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 1816 2 426 PRT Homo sapiens 2 Met Ser Leu Val Leu Leu Ser Leu Ala Ala Leu Cys Arg Ser Ala Val -15 -10 -5 Pro Arg Glu Pro Thr Val Gln Cys Gly Ser Glu Thr Gly Pro Ser Pro -1 1 5 10 Glu Trp Met Leu Gln His Asp Leu Ile Pro Gly Asp Leu Arg Asp Leu 15 20 25 Arg Val Glu Pro Val Thr Thr Ser Val Ala Thr Gly Asp Tyr Ser Ile 30 35 40 45 Leu Met Asn Val Ser Trp Val Leu Arg Ala Asp Ala Ser Ile Arg Leu 50 55 60 Leu Lys Ala Thr Lys Ile Cys Val Thr Gly Lys Ser Asn Phe Gln Ser 65 70 75 Tyr Ser Cys Val Arg Cys Asn Tyr Thr Glu Ala Phe Gln Thr Gln Thr 80 85 90 Arg Pro Ser Gly Gly Lys Trp Thr Phe Ser Tyr Ile Gly Phe Pro Val 95 100 105 Glu Leu Asn Thr Val Tyr Phe Ile Gly Ala His Asn Ile Pro Asn Ala 110 115 120 125 Asn Met Asn Glu Asp Gly Pro Ser Met Ser Val Asn Phe Thr Ser Pro 130 135 140 Gly Cys Leu Asp His Ile Met Lys Tyr Lys Lys Lys Cys Val Lys Ala 145 150 155 Gly Ser Leu Trp Asp Pro Asn Ile Thr Ala Cys Lys Lys Asn Glu Glu 160 165 170 Thr Val Glu Val Asn Phe Thr Thr Thr Pro Leu Gly Asn Arg Tyr Met 175 180 185 Ala Leu Ile Gln His Ser Thr Ile Ile Gly Phe Ser Gln Val Phe Glu 190 195 200 205 Pro His Gln Lys Lys Gln Thr Arg Ala Ser Val Val Ile Pro Val Thr 210 215 220 Gly Asp Ser Glu Gly Ala Thr Val Gln Leu Thr Pro Tyr Phe Pro Thr 225 230 235 Cys Gly Ser Asp Cys Ile Arg His Lys Gly Thr Val Val Leu Cys Pro 240 245 250 Gln Thr Gly Val Pro Phe Pro Leu Asp Asn Asn Lys Ser Lys Pro Gly 255 260 265 Gly Trp Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Thr Trp Val 270 275 280 285 Leu Val Ala Gly Ile Tyr Leu Met Trp Arg His Glu Arg Ile Lys Lys 290 295 300 Thr Ser Phe Ser Thr Thr Thr Leu Leu Pro Pro Ile Lys Val Leu Val 305 310 315 Val Tyr Pro Ser Glu Ile Cys Phe His His Thr Ile Cys Tyr Phe Thr 320 325 330 Glu Phe Leu Gln Asn His Cys Arg Ser Glu Val Ile Leu Glu Lys Trp 335 340 345 Gln Lys Lys Lys Ile Ala Glu Met Gly Pro Val Gln Trp Leu Ala Thr 350 355 360 365 Gln Lys Lys Ala Ala Asp Lys Val Val Phe Leu Leu Ser Asn Asp Val 370 375 380 Asn Ser Val Cys Asp Gly Thr Cys Gly Lys Ser Glu Gly Ser Pro Ser 385 390 395 Glu Asn Ser Gln Asp Ser Ser Pro Cys Leu 400 405 3 426 PRT Homo sapiens 3 Met Ser Leu Val Leu Leu Ser Leu Ala Ala Leu Cys Arg Ser Ala Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Arg Glu Pro Thr Val Gln Cys Gly Ser Glu Thr Gly Pro Ser Pro 20 25 30 Glu Trp Met Leu Gln His Asp Leu Ile Pro Gly Asp Leu Arg Asp Leu 35 40 45 Arg Val Glu Pro Val Thr Thr Ser Val Ala Thr Gly Asp Tyr Ser Ile 50 55 60 Leu Met Asn Val Ser Trp Val Leu Arg Ala Asp Ala Ser Ile Arg Leu 65 70 75 80 Leu Lys Ala Thr Lys Ile Cys Val Thr Gly Lys Ser Asn Phe Gln Ser 85 90 95 Tyr Ser Cys Val Arg Cys Asn Tyr Thr Glu Ala Phe Gln Thr Gln Thr 100 105 110 Arg Pro Ser Gly Gly Lys Trp Thr Phe Ser Tyr Ile Gly Phe Pro Val 115 120 125 Glu Leu Asn Thr Val Tyr Phe Ile Gly Ala His Asn Ile Pro Asn Ala 130 135 140 Asn Met Asn Glu Asp Gly Pro Ser Met Ser Val Asn Phe Thr Ser Pro 145 150 155 160 Gly Cys Leu Asp His Ile Met Lys Tyr Lys Lys Lys Cys Val Lys Ala 165 170 175 Gly Ser Leu Trp Asp Pro Asn Ile Thr Ala Cys Lys Lys Asn Glu Glu 180 185 190 Thr Val Glu Val Asn Phe Thr Thr Thr Pro Leu Gly Asn Arg Tyr Met 195 200 205 Ala Leu Ile Gln His Ser Thr Ile Ile Gly Phe Ser Gln Val Phe Glu 210 215 220 Pro His Gln Lys Lys Gln Thr Arg Ala Ser Val Val Ile Pro Val Thr 225 230 235 240 Gly Asp Ser Glu Gly Ala Thr Val Gln Leu Thr Pro Tyr Phe Pro Thr 245 250 255 Cys Gly Ser Asp Cys Ile Arg His Lys Gly Thr Val Val Leu Cys Pro 260 265 270 Gln Thr Gly Val Pro Phe Pro Leu Asp Asn Asn Lys Ser Lys Pro Gly 275 280 285 Gly Trp Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Ala Thr Trp Val 290 295 300 Leu Val Ala Gly Ile Tyr Leu Met Trp Arg His Glu Arg Ile Lys Lys 305 310 315 320 Thr Ser Phe Ser Thr Thr Thr Leu Leu Pro Pro Ile Lys Val Leu Val 325 330 335 Val Tyr Pro Ser Glu Ile Cys Phe His His Thr Ile Cys Tyr Phe Thr 340 345 350 Glu Phe Leu Gln Asn His Cys Arg Ser Glu Val Ile Leu Glu Lys Trp 355 360 365 Gln Lys Lys Lys Ile Ala Glu Met Gly Pro Val Gln Trp Leu Ala Thr 370 375 380 Gln Lys Lys Ala Ala Asp Lys Val Val Phe Leu Leu Ser Asn Asp Val 385 390 395 400 Asn Ser Val Cys Asp Gly Thr Cys Gly Lys Ser Glu Gly Ser Pro Ser 405 410 415 Glu Asn Ser Gln Asp Ser Ser Pro Cys Leu 420 425 4 409 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature (17) n equals a, t, g or c 4 aattcggcac gagattnatc tgcacaaata cgtggtggtc tactttagag agattgatac 60 aaaanacgat tacaatgctc tcagtgtctg ccccaagtac cacctcatga aggatgccac 120 tgctttctgt gcagaacttc tccatgtnaa gtagcaggtn tcagcaggaa aaagatcaca 180 agcctgccac gatggctgct gctccttgta gcccacccat gagaagcaag agaccttaaa 240 ggcttcctat cccaccaatt acagggaaaa aacgtgtgat gatcctgaag ctttactatg 300 cagcctacaa acagccttag taattaaaac atttttatac ccataaaatt tttcaaatat 360 tngttaacta atngtagcat taactaangt ttgggaacta catttncaa 409 5 327 DNA Homo sapiens misc_feature (10) n equals a, t, g or c 5 aattcggcan agcccggcga tgtcgctcgt gctgctagnc tngnngcgct gtncaggagc 60 gccgtacccc gagagccgac cgttcaatgt ggctctgaaa ctgggncatc tccagagtgn 120 nttgctanaa catgatctaa tcccgggaga cttgagggac ctncgagtag agnctgttac 180 aactagtgtt gcaacagggg actattcaan ttgatgaatg tanctgggta ctncgggnag 240 ntgccancat ncgttttttg naggctnang tttngtntnn cgggnaaang tantntcagt 300 cntanagtgt tngaggtgca ttaaaaa 327 6 35 DNA Homo sapiens 6 cgcccatggc cgaccgttca atgtggctct gaaac 35 7 35 DNA Homo sapiens 7 cgcccatggc cgaccgttca atgtggctct gaaac 35 8 34 DNA Homo sapiens 8 cgcggatcca tgtcgctcgt gctgctaagc ctgg 34 9 26 DNA Homo sapiens 9 cgcggtaccc cagcctcccg gcttgc 26 10 129 DNA Homo sapiens 10 gccggatccg ccaccatgaa ctccttctcc acaagcgcct tcggtccagt tgccttctcc 60 ctggggctgc tcctggtgtt gcctgctgcc ttccctgccc cagtatgtcg ctcgtgctgc 120 taagcctgg 129 11 28 DNA Homo sapiens 11 ggccgggtac cccagcctcc cggcttgc 28 12 43 DNA Homo sapiens 12 ctagccggat ccgccaccat gtcgctcgtg ctgctaagcc tgg 43 13 28 DNA Homo sapiens 13 ggccgggtac cccagcctcc cggcttgc 28 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues −19 to +407 of SEQ ID NO:2; (b) a polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues −18 to +407 of SEQ ID NO:2; (c) a polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues +1 to +407 of SEQ ID NO:2; (d) a polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues +1 to +271 of SEQ ID NO:2; (e) a polynucleotide sequence encoding the full-length polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (f) a polynucleolide sequence encoding the full-length polypeptide, excluding the N-terminal methionine residue, having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (g) a polynucleotide sequence encoding the mature polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (h) a polynucleotide sequence encoding the extracellular domain of the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; and (i) a polynucleotide sequence complementary to any one of the polynucleotide sequences in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h), above.
 2. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (a).
 3. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (b).
 4. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (c).
 5. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (d).
 6. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (e).
 7. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (f).
 8. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (g).
 9. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (h).
 10. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (i).
 11. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 wherein the nucleic acid sequence further comprises a heterologous polynucleotide sequence situated at either end of said isolated nucleic acid molecule.
 12. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 11 wherein said heterologous polynucleotide sequence encodes a heterologous polypeptide.
 13. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 12 wherein the heterologous polypeptide is the Fc domain of an immunoglobulin.
 14. A recombinant vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 1. 15. The recombinant vector of claim 14 wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably associated with a heterologous regulatory sequence that controls gene expression.
 16. A recombinant host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 1. 17. The recombinant host cell of claim 16 wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably associated with a heterologous regulatory sequence that controls gene expression.
 18. A method for producing a protein, comprising: (a) culturing a host cell under conditions suitable to produce a polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claim 1 (a)-(h); and (b) recovering the protein from the cell culture.
 19. A composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1 and a carrier.
 20. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence consisting of residues n¹ to +407 of SEQ ID NO:2, where n¹ is an integer in the range of −19 to +5; (b) a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence consisting of residues −19 to m¹ of SEQ ID NO:2, where m¹ is an integer in the range of +340 to +407; (c) a polynucleotide sequence encuding a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence consisting of residues n¹ to m¹ of SEQ ID NO:2, where n¹ is an integer in the range of −19 to +5 and m¹ is an integer in the range of +340 to +407, (d) a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide consisting of a portion of the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit 209198 wherein said portion excludes up to 24 amino acids from the amino terminus of said complete amino acid sequence; (e) a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide consisting of a portion of the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit 209198 wherein said portion excludes up to 67 amino acids from the C-terminus of said complete amino acid sequence; (f) a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide consisting of a portion of the complete amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit 209198 wherein said portion excludes up to 24 amino acids from the amino terminus and up to 67 amino acids from the C-terminus of said complete amino acid sequence; and (g) a polynucleotide sequence complementary to any one of the nucleic acid sequences in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f), above.
 21. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (a).
 22. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (b).
 23. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (c).
 24. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (d).
 25. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (e).
 26. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (f).
 27. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 which comprises polynucleotide sequence (g).
 28. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 20 wherein the nucleic acid sequence further comprises a heterologous polynucleotide sequence situated at either end of said isolated nucleic acid molecule.
 29. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 28 wherein said heterologous polynucleotide sequence encodes a heterologous polypeptide.
 30. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 29 wherein the heterologous polypeptide is the Fc domain of an immunoglobulin.
 31. A recombinant vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 20. 32. The recombinant vector of claim 31 wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably associated with a heterologous regulatory sequence that controls gene expression.
 33. A recombinant host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of
 20. 34. The recombinant host cell of claim 33 wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably associated with a heterologous regulatory sequence that controls gene expression.
 35. A method for producing a protein, comprising: (a) culturing a host cell under conditions suitable to produce a polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claim 20 (a)-(g); and (b) recovering the protein from the cell culture.
 36. A composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 20 and a carrier.
 37. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a first polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide 90% or more identical to that encoded by a second polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) a second polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues −19 to +407 of SEQ ID NO:2; (b) a second polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues −18 to +407 of SEQ ID NO:2; (c) a second polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues +1 to +407 of SEQ ID NO:2; (d) a second polynucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues +1 to +271 of SEQ ID NO:2; (e) a second polynucleotide sequence encoding the full-length polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; (f) a second polynucleotide sequence encoding the mature polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198; and (g) a second polynucleotide sequence encoding the extracellular domain of the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone contained in ATCC Deposit No. 209198, wherein said isolated nucleic acid molecule encodes a polypeptide having activity in stimulating leukocyte proliferation, leukocyte differentiation, or IL-6 secretion.
 38. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 wherein said second polynucleotide sequence is (a).
 39. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 wherein said second polynucleotide sequence is (b).
 40. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 wherein said second polynucleotide sequence is (c).
 41. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 wherein said second polynucleotide sequence is (d).
 42. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 wherein said second polynucleotide sequence is (e).
 43. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 wherein said second polynucleotide sequence is (f).
 44. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 wherein said second polynucleotide sequence is (g).
 45. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 which comprises a first polynucleotide sequence 95% or more identical to said second polynucleotide sequence (a).
 46. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 which comprises a first polynucleotide sequence 95% or more identical to said second polynucleotide sequence (b).
 47. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 which comprises a first polynucleotide sequence 95% or more identical to said second polynucleotide sequence (c).
 48. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 which comprises a first polynucleotide sequence 95% or more identical to said second polynucleotide sequence (d).
 49. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 which comprises a first polynucleotide sequence 95% or more identical to said second polynucleotide sequence (e).
 50. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 which comprises a first polynucleotide sequence 95% or more identical to said second polynucleotide sequence (f).
 51. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 37 which comprises a first polynucleotide sequence 95% or more identical to said second polynucleotide sequence (g).
 52. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 37 wherein the nucleic acid sequence further comprises a heterologous polynucleotide sequence situated at either end of said isolated nucleic acid molecule.
 53. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 52 wherein the heterologous polynucleotide sequence encodes a heterologous polypeptide.
 54. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 53 wherein the heterologous polypeptide is the Fc domain of an immunoglobulin.
 55. A recombinant vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 37. 56. The recombinant vector of claim 55 wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably associated with a heterologous regulatory sequence that controls gene expression.
 57. A recombinant host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 37. 58. The recombinant host cell of claim 57 wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably associated with a heterologous regulatory sequence that controls gene expression.
 59. A method for producing a polypeptide, comprising: (a) culturing a host cell under conditions suitable to produce a polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid of claim 37; and (b) recovering the polypeptide from the cell culture.
 60. A composition comprising the nucleic acid of claim 37 and a carrier. 